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<jats:p>Research explores how policy goals might be reached by simply requiring that information be made public.</jats:p>

<jats:p> Forty years ago, a chromosomal translocation was discovered to cause leukemia and revealed cancer as a genetic disease. <jats:named-content content-type="related-content"> [Also see Book Review by <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6139" page="1407" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="340" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1240366">Nadkarni</jats:related-article> ] </jats:named-content> </jats:p>

<jats:p> Contact with a layer of boron nitride provides a route to control the electronic properties of graphene. <jats:named-content content-type="related-content"> [Also see Report by <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6139" page="1427" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="340" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1237240"> Hunt <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:related-article> ] </jats:named-content> </jats:p>

<jats:p>Additional electrodes allow for the selection of the charge-carrier type in silicon nanowire 3D transistors and the creation of highly compact logic gates.</jats:p>

<jats:p> A genome-wide association study reveals possible variants that influence the complex behavior of educational attainment. <jats:named-content content-type="related-content"> [Also see Report by <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6139" page="1467" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="340" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1235488"> Rietveld <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:related-article> ] </jats:named-content> </jats:p>

<jats:p> A molecule is imaged at atomic resolution as it undergoes a chemical reaction. <jats:named-content content-type="related-content"> [Also see Report by <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6139" page="1434" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="340" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1238187"> de Oteyza <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:related-article> ] </jats:named-content> </jats:p>

<jats:p> A theory explaining how the attributes of cities scale with city size may help to inform urban planning. <jats:named-content content-type="related-content"> [Also see Report by <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6139" page="1438" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="340" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1235823">Bettencourt</jats:related-article> ] </jats:named-content> </jats:p>

<jats:title>From Russia with Lovely Data</jats:title> <jats:p> Climate and the atmospheric concentration of CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> are closely linked. <jats:bold> Brigham-Grette <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6139" page="1421" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="340" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1233137">1421</jats:related-article> , published online 9 May) present data from Lake El'gygytgyn, in northeast Arctic Russia, that shows how climate varied between 3.6 and 2.2 million years ago, an important interval in the global cooling trend that accelerated rapidly at the end of the Miocene. Summer temperatures were about 10°C warmer than today, even though the concentration of atmospheric CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was similar. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Graphene, Gapped and Butterflied</jats:title> <jats:p> The remarkable transport properties of graphene, such as the high electron mobility, make it a promising material for electronics. However, unlike semiconductors such as silicon, graphene's electronic structure lacks a band gap, and a transistor made out of graphene would not have an “off” state. <jats:bold> Hunt <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6139" page="1427" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="340" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1237240">1427</jats:related-article> , published online 16 May; see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6139" page="1413" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="340" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1240317">Fuhrer</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ) modulated the electronic properties of graphene by building a heterostructure consisting of a graphene flake resting on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), which has the same honeycomb structure as graphene, but consists of alternating boron and nitrogen atoms instead of carbons. The natural mismatch between the graphene and hBN lattices led to a moire pattern with a large wavelength, causing the opening of a band gap, the formation of an elusive fractional quantum Hall state, and, at high magnetic fields, a fractal phenomenon in the electronic structure called the Hofstadter butterfly. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Coherence in Photosynthesis</jats:title> <jats:p> It is unclear how energy absorbed by pigments in antenna proteins is transferred to the central site of chemical catalysis during photosynthesis. <jats:bold> Hildner <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6139" page="1448" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="340" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1235820">1448</jats:related-article> ) observed coherence—prolonged persistence of a quantum mechanical phase relationship—at the single-molecule level in light-harvesting complexes from purple bacteria. The results bolster conclusions from past ensemble measurements that coherence plays a pivotal role in photosynthetic energy transfer. <jats:bold> Hayes <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6139" page="1431" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="340" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1233828">1431</jats:related-article> , published online 18 April) examined a series of small molecules comprised of bridged chromophores that also manifest prolonged coherence. </jats:p>