Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Noisy genes flush HIV out of hiding</jats:title> <jats:p> HIV can hide in the body, making it hard to kill with drugs. Increasing variation or “noise” in the virus's gene expression turns out to be an effective strategy for reactivating latent HIV. Once reawakened, the virus is more sensitive to antiviral drugs. Dar <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> screened for agents that increased variation in the expression of HIV genes. In a model system with HIV-infected human cells, the noise enhancers worked with existing compounds used to reactivate latent HIV and helped eradicate the virus. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6190" page="1392" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1250220">1392</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Cancer at single-cell resolution</jats:title> <jats:p> Single-cell sequencing can illuminate the genetic properties of brain cancers and reveal heterogeneity within a tumor. Patel <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examined the genome sequence of single cells isolated from brain glioblastomas. The findings revealed shared chromosomal changes but also extensive transcription variation, including genes related to signaling, which represent potential therapeutic targets. The authors suggest that the variation in tumor cells reflects neural development and that such variation among cancer cells may prove to have clinical significance. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6190" page="1396" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1254257">1396</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Adapting HIV-1 to infect monkeys, too</jats:title> <jats:p> HIV-1 replicates well in humans but not in monkeys or mice. On the up side, this reduces the risk of cross-species transmissions, but it makes the study of HIV-1 and AIDS more difficult. Hatziioannou <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> overcame this hurdle by serially passaging HIV-1 in pigtailed macaques. Over time, the HIV-1 acquired mutations that allowed it to adapt to the monkeys. Depleting CD8 <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells during acute infection resulted in a subset of animals developing an AIDS-like disease by the fourth passage. HIV-1 envelope protein gene selection and the acquisition of mutations in the HIV protein Vpu, which allowed HIV-1 to overcome host restriction by the macaque protein tetherin, accompanied the viral adaptation to the monkeys. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6190" page="1401" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1250761">1401</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Breaking through the epithelial barrier</jats:title> <jats:p> Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) poisons its host when it crosses the intestinal epithelial barrier. To help it cross this barrier, the toxin forms a large complex with three bacterial proteins called hemagglutinins (HAs). To find out what happens when this complex binds to a cell-adhesion protein called E-cadherin, Lee <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> crystallized the bound complex and protein. Toxin binding disrupted the way E-cadherin maintains the epithelial barrier. When the researchers prevented the toxin complex from binding to E-cadherin, mice were protected from the toxin's deadly effects. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6190" page="1405" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1253823">1405</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Crows of a feather flock together</jats:title> <jats:p> Closely related species with overlapping ranges typically evolve genetic barriers to prevent crossbreeding. Poelstra <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> sequenced genes from two species of central European crows: gray-bodied hooded crows and black carrion crows (see the Perspective by de Knijff). Although most of the genomes shared genes between the two species, one region that affected coat color and color vision differed. The authors suggest that black and gray-coated crows prefer to mate with birds like themselves. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6190" page="1410" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1253226">1410</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6190" page="1345" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1255744">1345</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>On this week's show: The cultural evolution of mind reading and a roundup of stories from our daily news site.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Since the successful sequencing of the human genome, interest in the group of genes encoding proteins responsible for DNA remodeling has grown exponentially. Included in this group are enzymes that methylate and demethylate DNA, as well as those that modify histones by adding chemical groups through acetylation, methylation, and sumoylation reactions, amongst others. Epigenetic enzymes are now among the most important pharmaceutical targets due to their involvement in numerous key cellular processes and in the etiology of many devastating diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and developmental disorders. Significant efforts are under way in both academic and industrial laboratories to identify and validate new so-called reader, writer, and eraser enzymes as well as their histone substrates. Understanding the functions of these proteins may lead to a new generation of therapeutics. While various molecular biology techniques were initially used to identify and validate epigenetics enzymes and their substrates, novel approaches are now available to perform pharmacological characterization of histone-modifying enzymes. During this webinar, our expert panelists will describe these methods and present breakthrough research data obtained using novel experimental approaches, including immunoassays, microfluidics-based techniques, and high-content screening immunophenotypic assays.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Watching battery materials in action</jats:title> <jats:p> When batteries get rapidly charged and discharged repeatedly, they will often stop working. This is especially true when the cycling changes the crystal structure of the battery components. Liu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examined the structural changes in components of a type of lithium battery (see the Perspective by Owen and Hector). Their findings explain why LiFePO <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> delivers unexpectedly good electrochemical performances, particularly during rapid cycling. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1252817">10.1126/science.1252817</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6191" page="1451" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1255819">1451</jats:related-article> </jats:p>