Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>A BLUEPRINT of immune cell development</jats:title> <jats:p> To determine the epigenetic mechanisms that direct blood cells to develop into the many components of our immune system, the BLUEPRINT consortium examined the regulation of DNA and RNA transcription to dissect the molecular traits that govern blood cell differentiation. By inducing immune responses, Saeed <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> document the epigenetic changes in the genome that underlie immune cell differentiation. Cheng <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> demonstrate that trained monocytes are highly dependent on the breakdown of sugars in the presence of oxygen, which allows cells to produce the energy needed to mount an immune response. Chen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examine RNA transcripts and find that specific cell lineages use RNA transcripts of different length and composition (isoforms) to form proteins. Together, the studies reveal how epigenetic effects can drive the development of blood cells involved in the immune system. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1251086">10.1126/science.1251086</jats:related-article> , <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1250684">10.1126/science.1250684</jats:related-article> , <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1251033">10.1126/science.1251033</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A BLUEPRINT of immune cell development</jats:title> <jats:p> To determine the epigenetic mechanisms that direct blood cells to develop into the many components of our immune system, the BLUEPRINT consortium examined the regulation of DNA and RNA transcription to dissect the molecular traits that govern blood cell differentiation. By inducing immune responses, Saeed <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> document the epigenetic changes in the genome that underlie immune cell differentiation. Cheng <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> demonstrate that trained monocytes are highly dependent on the breakdown of sugars in the presence of oxygen, which allows cells to produce the energy needed to mount an immune response. Chen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examine RNA transcripts and find that specific cell lineages use RNA transcripts of different length and composition (isoforms) to form proteins. Together, the studies reveal how epigenetic effects can drive the development of blood cells involved in the immune system. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1251086">10.1126/science.1251086</jats:related-article> , <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1250684">10.1126/science.1250684</jats:related-article> , <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1251033">10.1126/science.1251033</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Differentiation rates regulate pool sizes</jats:title> <jats:p> Even though a basketball player is bigger than a gymnast, their neural tubes are organized in the same way. Studying chick and mouse embryos, Kicheva <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that rates of cell differentiation are key (see the Perspective by Pourquie). In a two-phase process, signaling sweeps through the neural tube early on to establish some aspects of cell fate, but later, pools of progenitor cells take on their own regulation. A progenitor that differentiates is no longer a progenitor, and thus the rate of differentiation determines the size of the progenitor pool. The relative sizes of progenitor pools shift as development progresses, to build the spinal cord so that everyone, large or small, has the right proportion of each component. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1254927">10.1126/science.1254927</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6204" page="1565" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1260025">1565</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>The Western Hemisphere is experiencing a drought of crisis proportions. In Central America, crops are failing, millions are in danger of starvation, and if the drought doesn't break soon, even vessels transiting the Panama Canal will need to lighten their loads, which will increase prices for goods transported globally. In the western United States, the drought-stricken region spans a vast area responsible for much of the nation's fruits, vegetables, and beef. As the drought's grip has tightened, water users have turned to tapping groundwater aquifers to make up the deficit for people, crops, livestock, and industry. But even when the rain does return, regreening the landscape and filling again the streams, lakes, and reservoirs, those aquifers will remain severely depleted. It is this underground drought we can't see that is enduring, worrisome, and in need of attention.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The biggest result in cosmology in a decade fades into dust.</jats:p>

<jats:p>U.S. agency ponders future of innovative reintroduction as animal deaths and controversy mount.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Identifying infections more quickly and easily could help slow the epidemic.</jats:p>

<jats:p>BLUEPRINT project studies epigenetics of various blood cells.</jats:p>