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<jats:p> Almécija and colleagues claim that we apply a simplified understanding of bone functional adaptation and that our results of human-like hand use in <jats:italic>Australopithecus africanus</jats:italic> are not novel. We argue that our results speak to actual behavior, rather than potential behaviors, and our functional interpretation is well supported by our methodological approach, comparative sample, and previous experimental data. </jats:p>

<jats:p> Skinner and colleagues (Research Article, 23 January 2015, p. 395), based on metacarpal trabecular bone structure, argue that <jats:italic>Australopithecus africanus</jats:italic> employed human-like dexterity for stone tool making and use 3 million years ago. However, their evolutionary and biological assumptions are misinformed, failing to refute the previously existing hypothesis that human-like manipulation preceded systematized stone tool manufacture, as indicated by the fossil record. </jats:p>