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<jats:title>Microbiota and infant development</jats:title> <jats:p> Malnutrition in children is a persistent challenge that is not always remedied by improvements in nutrition. This is because a characteristic community of gut microbes seems to mediate some of the pathology. Human gut microbes can be transplanted effectively into germ-free mice to recapitulate their associated phenotypes. Using this model, Blanton <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that the microbiota of healthy children relieved the harmful effects on growth caused by the microbiota of malnourished children. In infant mammals, chronic undernutrition results in growth hormone resistance and stunting. In mice, Schwarzer <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> showed that strains of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum</jats:italic> in the gut microbiota sustained growth hormone activity via signaling pathways in the liver, thus overcoming growth hormone resistance. Together these studies reveal that specific beneficial microbes could potentially be exploited to resolve undernutrition syndromes. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aad3311">10.1126/science.aad3311</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6275" page="854" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="351" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aad8588">854</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>Imagine a student presenting a poster at a scientific meeting, thrilled when a senior scientist stops by to view the work. Chances are good, given the continuing underrepresentation of women at senior levels of academia, that the senior scientist is male. If the student is also male, he likely has no doubt that the senior scientist wants to learn more about the research. If the student is female, she may wonder: Does he want to get acquainted with my work, or me? This is the scenario that Meg Urry of Yale University, current president of the American Astronomical Society, posed during a session on “Forward Focused Ethics—What is the Role of Scientific Societies in Responding to Harassment and Other Workplace Climate Issues?” at the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union in December 2015.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Astrophysicists puzzle over the strange black holes that produced LIGO's signal.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Marco Drago thought the "wave detected" reading in LIGO's data couldn't be real. By the time he found out otherwise, 1000 other researchers were in on the secret.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Economy, politics shape outcome of an uneven record.</jats:p>

<jats:p>IARPA funds effort to map synaptic connections.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Advances in accuracy of nanopore sequencing help pave the way for on-the-spot DNA tests.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Studies point the way to using microbial therapy to combat the lasting effects of poor nutrition.</jats:p>