Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Tiny giant</jats:title> <jats:p> Titanosaurs were the largest land vertebrates to have evolved, but even they had to start small. Curry Rogers <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> describe a baby <jats:italic>Rapetosaurus</jats:italic> only 35 cm at the hip at death. Histological and limb analysis suggest that this tiny giant had a much greater range of movement than it would have had as an adult. Furthermore, the work confirms hypotheses that these largest of dinosaurs were precocial, being able to move independently immediately after birth. This pattern differs from that seen in many contemporary dinosaur groups, such as theropods and ornithischians, for which increasing evidence suggests that parental care was important. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6284" page="450" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="352" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaf1509">450</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Reducing the risk of rearrangement</jats:title> <jats:p> As lymphocytes develop, they rearrange their antigen receptor genes and proliferate extensively, potentially putting their genomes at risk. Galloway <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that two RNA-binding proteins, ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2, ensure careful entry and exit into the cell cycle. This helps developing B lymphocytes maintain their genomic integrity. Mice deficient in ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 exhibited a profound block in B cell development. ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 suppress mRNAs that help B cells progress through the cell cycle, ensuring that cells can enter quiescence and keep their genomes safe when they undergo the risky process of rearranging their antigen receptors. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6284" page="453" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="352" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aad5978">453</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Transcription factors define tissue T cells</jats:title> <jats:p> The immune system fights microbial invaders by maintaining multiple lines of defense. For instance, specialized memory T cells [resident memory T cells (T <jats:sub>rms</jats:sub> )] colonize portals of pathogen entry, such as the skin, lung, and gut, to quickly halt reinfections. Mackay <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> now report that in mice, T <jats:sub>rms</jats:sub> as well as other tissue-dwelling lymphocyte populations such as natural killer cells share a common transcriptional program driven by the related transcription factors Hobit and Blimp1. Tissue residency and retention of lymphocytes require expression of Hobit and Blimp1, which, among other functions, suppress genes that promote tissue exit. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6284" page="459" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="352" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aad2035">459</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Flu immunity shows its age</jats:title> <jats:p> As we age, our immune systems change; in many ways not for the better. For instance, the elderly account for 90% of influenza deaths annually. Pillai <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> now report that influenza-infected human monocytes, a type of immune cell, exhibit reduced antiviral activity. In influenza-infected mice, two innate immune sensing pathways work together to promote antiviral immunity to influenza. Mice lacking antiviral immunity (similar to the situation in elderly people) had elevated bacterial burdens in their lungs and increased inflammatory responses, which both contributed to their increased susceptibility to influenza. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6284" page="463" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="352" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaf3926">463</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Unveiling the Zika virus</jats:title> <jats:p> The ongoing Zika virus epidemic is of grave concern because of its apparent links to congenital microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Sirohi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> present a near-atomic-resolution structure of mature Zika virus determined by cryo-electron microscopy. The structure is mainly similar to that of other flaviviruses such as dengue virus; however, there are differences in a region that may be involved in binding to host receptors. The structure provides a foundation for analysis of the antigenicity and pathogenesis of Zika virus. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6284" page="467" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="352" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaf5316">467</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Linked loci and Galapagos finch size</jats:title> <jats:p> Observations of parallel evolution in the finches of the Galapagos, including body and beak size, contributed to Darwin's theories. Lamichhaney <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> carried out whole-genome sequencing of 60 Darwin's finches. These included small, medium, and large ground finches as well as small, medium, and large tree finches. A genomic region containing the <jats:italic>HMGA2</jats:italic> gene correlated strongly with beak size across different species. This locus appears to have played a role in beak diversification throughout the radiation of Darwin's finches. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6284" page="470" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="352" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aad8786">470</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Rare gene knockouts in adult humans</jats:title> <jats:p> On average, most people's genomes contain approximately 100 completely nonfunctional genes. These loss-of-function (LOF) mutations tend to be rare and/or occur only as a single copy within individuals. Narasimhan <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> investigated LOF in a Pakistani population with high levels of consanguinity. Examining LOF alleles that were identical by descent, they found, as expected, an absence of homozygote LOF for certain protein-coding genes. However, they also identified many homozygote LOF alleles with no apparent deleterious phenotype, including some that were expected to confer genetic disease. Indeed, one family had lost the recombination-associated gene <jats:italic>PRDM9</jats:italic> . </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6284" page="474" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="352" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aac8624">474</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.</jats:p>

<jats:p> According to conventional thinking, metabolic changes related to disease are thought to be triggered predominantly by signals from the immune cell-signaling network. However, recent evidence supports a role for metabolism as a “first responder” that can be decisive in actually forming immune responses and determining outcomes based on the metabolic potential and fitness of the responding cells. This new insight has led to the potential for reprogramming cellular metabolism to direct immune cell fate and function and thus to ultimately improve disease outcomes. In this webinar we will explain how metabolic pathways and substrates have been found to impact particular immune cell subsets and their functional roles. The application of this knowledge to better understand disease and to reveal novel therapeutic approaches will also be discussed. <jats:list list-type="bullet"> <jats:list-item> <jats:p> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://webinar.sciencemag.org/webinar/archive/metabolic-regulation-immunity">View the Webinar</jats:ext-link> </jats:p> </jats:list-item> </jats:list> </jats:p>