Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Layer-specific interneuron activity</jats:title> <jats:p> Somatostatin-expressing interneurons are an important group of inhibitory neurons in the brain that target and thus control the dendrites of pyramidal cells. These interneurons have recently been shown to play a role in sensorimotor integration, reinforcement encoding, and selective attention. Muñoz <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used channelrhodopsin-assisted patching to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of neocortical dendritic inhibition in vivo. They were able to record the activity of somatostatin-expressing interneurons in all neocortical layers in behaving mice. The results provide a framework for understanding the changes in dendritic inhibition that take place in the neocortex during active behaviors. This framework is very distinct from the view obtained from previous recordings that were restricted to interneurons in the superficial layers of the neocortex. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6328" page="954" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="355" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aag2599">954</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Climate-driven selection</jats:title> <jats:p> Climate change will fundamentally alter many aspects of the natural world. To understand how species may adapt to this change, we must understand which aspects of the changing climate exert the most powerful selective forces. Siepielski <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> looked at studies of selection across species and regions and found that, across biomes, the strongest sources of selection were precipitation and transpiration changes. Importantly, local and regional climate change explained patterns of selection much more than did global change. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6328" page="959" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="355" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aag2773">959</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Widespread resistance, localized relief</jats:title> <jats:p> Rice blast fungus can devastate a rice harvest. Genes that provide resistance to the fungus usually depress rice yield. Deng <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> analyzed the molecular underpinnings of a rice variant that is resistant to rice blast but still high-yielding (see the Perspective by Wang and Valent). The key locus encodes several R (resistance) genes. One gene confers resistance and is expressed throughout the plant. Another gene fails to confer resistance and is expressed only in pollen and panicles (the rice-producing flower clusters). Because the R proteins function as dimers, heterodimerization in pollen and panicles disables resistance. The plants thus produce smaller but more numerous rice grains, which sustains yield, while the body of the plant resists fungal infection. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6328" page="962" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="355" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aai8898">962</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6328" page="906" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="355" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam9517">906</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A pain killer without side effects</jats:title> <jats:p> Opioids are very strong and effective pain killers. However, they also have a range of well-known side effects and can cause addiction. Painful conditions such as inflammation or trauma are often associated with localized tissue acidification. Spahn <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> designed a novel opioid receptor agonist that, unlike clinically used opioids, best activates the receptors in such acidified tissues. In rat models of inflammatory pain, the new drug exerted strong pain relief essentially without the side effects of standard opioids. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6328" page="966" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="355" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aai8636">966</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Morphological mosaics in early Asian humans</jats:title> <jats:p> Excavations in eastern Asia are yielding information on human evolution and migration. Li <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> analyzed two fossil human skulls from central China, dated to 100,000 to 130,000 years ago. The crania elucidate the pattern of human morphological evolution in eastern Eurasia. Some features are ancestral and similar to those of earlier eastern Eurasian humans, some are derived and shared with contemporaneous or later humans elsewhere, and some are closer to those of Neandertals. The analysis illuminates shared long-term trends in human adaptive biology and suggests the existence of interconnections between populations across Eurasia during the later Pleistocene. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6328" page="969" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="355" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal2482">969</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

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<jats:p>Resolving the spatial distribution of the human proteome at a subcellular level greatly increases our understanding of human biology and disease. A high-resolution map of the human cell has been generated—part of the Human Protein Atlas database—that provides the in situ localization of 12,036 human proteins at a single-cell level, covering 30 subcellular structures, and enabling 14 major organelle proteomes to be defined. The high spatial resolution of the data has allowed the identification of novel protein components in all major organelles, as well as the characterization of fine cellular structures such as the cytokinetic bridge and nuclear bodies. An integrative approach to data generation includes strict validation criteria using gene silencing, paired antibodies, and fluorescently tagged proteins. The Cell Atlas reveals that approximately half of all proteins localize to multiple compartments and that many proteins show cell-to-cell variation in terms of protein abundance or spatial distribution. In this webinar, we will introduce the new Human Cell Atlas, outlining how it is being used to define the spatiotemporal organization of the human proteome at a subcellular level.</jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencemag.org/custom-publishing/webinars/high-resolution-look-human-cell-introducing-human-cell-atlas">View the Webinar</jats:ext-link> </jats:p>