Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Neuronal basis of lethargy in worms</jats:title> <jats:p> How does the brain switch between wakefulness and sleep? Nichols <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> studied this question using brain-wide Ca2 <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> imaging at single-neuron resolution in nematodes. By changing O <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentrations, they could rapidly switch the worms between behaviorally quiescent and active states. They observed a global quiescence brain state characterized by the systemic down-regulation of neuronal network dynamics. Signaling from O <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> sensory neurons rapidly evoked and maintained active network dynamics. Conversely, in the absence of such arousing cues, network dynamics converged into the quiescent mode. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6344" page="eaam6851" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam6851">eaam6851</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>One person's meat is another's poison</jats:title> <jats:p> The human gut is packed with actively metabolizing microorganisms. These have a transformative effect on what we ingest—whether food, drugs, or pollutants. Koppel <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> review the distinguishing features of microbial xenobiotic metabolism, its interaction with somatic metabolism, and interindividual variation. Depending on the functional composition of microorganisms in the gut, the subsequent products may have nutritionally beneficial effects, modify pharmaceuticals, or be toxic. All of these consequences of our companion microbes can have important impacts on human health and well-being. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6344" page="eaag2770" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aag2770">eaag2770</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Of mice and men's microglia</jats:title> <jats:p> Microglia are immune system cells that function in protecting and maintaining the brain. Gosselin <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examined the epigenetics and RNA transcripts from single microglial cells and observed consistent profiles among samples despite differences in age, sex, and diagnosis. Mouse and human microglia demonstrated similar microglia-specific gene expression profiles, as well as a shared environmental response among microglia collected either immediately after surgery (ex vivo) or after culturing (in vitro). Interestingly, those genes exhibiting differences in expression between humans and mice or after culturing were often implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6344" page="eaal3222" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal3222">eaal3222</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>This month and next month mark two important anniversaries in the field of particle physics—the 50th anniversary of the inauguration of Fermilab (the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, just outside of Chicago, Illinois) and the 5th anniversary of the Higgs boson discovery at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research, in Geneva, Switzerland). These two institutions have been united in their commitment to elucidate the laws that govern the physical universe. Their main achievements (the discovery of bottom and top quarks at Fermilab, and of the W, Z, and Higgs bosons at CERN) reflect how Fermilab and CERN, with other laboratories around the world, have joined forces throughout these 50 years to prove right the “standard model”—the theory that describes the fundamental components of matter that we know of—or, to challenge it. Our quest to understand the makeup and behavior of the world, to answer fundamental questions about the past and future of our universe, and to explore the possible existence of an ultimate “theory of everything” should continue to be a worldwide effort.</jats:p>