Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Burn less, baby, burn less</jats:title> <jats:p> Humans have, and always have had, a major impact on wildfire activity, which is expected to increase in our warming world. Andela <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> use satellite data to show that, unexpectedly, global burned area declined by ∼25% over the past 18 years, despite the influence of climate. The decrease has been largest in savannas and grasslands because of agricultural expansion and intensification. The decline of burned area has consequences for predictions of future changes to the atmosphere, vegetation, and the terrestrial carbon sink. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1356" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal4108">1356</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Costing out the effects of climate change</jats:title> <jats:p> Episodes of severe weather in the United States, such as the present abundance of rainfall in California, are brandished as tangible evidence of the future costs of current climate trends. Hsiang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> collected national data documenting the responses in six economic sectors to short-term weather fluctuations. These data were integrated with probabilistic distributions from a set of global climate models and used to estimate future costs during the remainder of this century across a range of scenarios (see the Perspective by Pizer). In terms of overall effects on gross domestic product, the authors predict negative impacts in the southern United States and positive impacts in some parts of the Pacific Northwest and New England. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1362" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal4369">1362</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1330" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan5201">1330</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Carbon nanotubes on the roadmap</jats:title> <jats:p> The formal challenge for high-performance transistors is to fit within ever smaller devices. They need to shrink from a lateral dimension of about 100 to 40 nanometers. Cao <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> fabricated tiny devices by using a single semiconducting carbon nanotubes, as well as arrays of these nanotubes. High performance (a high saturation on-state current &gt;1.2 milliamperes per micrometer and a conductance &gt;2 millisiemens per micrometer) was delivered by making end-bonded contacts to the nanotubes with cobalt-molybdenum alloys. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1369" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan2476">1369</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>To bunch or to antibunch</jats:title> <jats:p> Particles of matter can be classed as either as bosons or fermions. Their subsequent behavior in terms of their physical properties and interactions depends on which quantum statistics they obey. Photons, for instance, are bosons and tend to bunch. Electrons are fermions and tend to antibunch. Vest <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that surface plasmon polaritons, a hybrid excitation of light and electrons, can exhibit both kinds of behavior (see the Perspective by Faccio). By tuning the level of loss in their system, bunching and antibunching of interfering plasmons can be seen. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1373" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam9353">1373</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1336" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan5756">1336</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Healing defects with triiodide ions</jats:title> <jats:p> Deep-level defects in organic-inorganic perovskites decrease the performance of solar cells through unproductive recombination of charge carriers. Yang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that introducing additional triiodide ions during the formation of layers of formamidinium lead iodide, which also contain small amounts of methylammonium lead bromide, suppresses the formation of deep-level defects. This process boosts the certified efficiency of 1-cm <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> solar cells to almost 20%. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1376" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan2301">1376</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Building the neural tube</jats:title> <jats:p> The development of the neural tube is regulated by a pair of morphogens acting in opposing gradients. The mature neural tube is built from a variety of different cell types organized in a consistent dorsal-ventral pattern. Zagorski <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> asked how this pattern is defined in a reproducible way from individual to individual. The morphogens define positions most accurately toward the top of their respective gradients, but things get a bit messy in the middle. Modeling the gene regulatory network's response as a maximum likelihood estimation from the combined input of both morphogens, however, succeeds at defining even the intermediate positions. Thus, the computation of position by the gene regulatory network establishes accurate tissue patterning despite messy inputs. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1379" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam5887">1379</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Specialization in brain neurogenic niche</jats:title> <jats:p> The adult mammalian brain generates neurons from the subventricular zone (SVZ). In mice, Paul <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> were able to link environmental signals with the type of neurons that are generated and showed that anatomical subspecialization occurrs in the SVZ. Neural circuits that respond to hunger or satiety enervate a subregion of the SVZ and retune the production of new olfactory neurons just from that portion of the subventricular niche. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1383" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal3839">1383</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Active transport of aromas</jats:title> <jats:p> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) serve as invisible lines of communication among host plants, pathogens, commensals, community groups, and, with flowers, their pollinators. Studying petunia flowers, Adebesin <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that VOCs do not passively diffuse out of the cells but are actively shuttled across the plasma membrane by an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter (see the Perspective by Eberl and Gershenzon). Disabling the transporter results in damage to the cell's membranes by intracellular accumulation of VOCs. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1386" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan0826">1386</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1334" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan8291">1334</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Maintaining tree diversity</jats:title> <jats:p> Negative interaction among plant species is known as conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). This ecological pattern is thought to maintain higher species diversity in the tropics. LaManna <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> tested this hypothesis by comparing how tree species diversity changes with the intensity of local biotic interactions in tropical and temperate latitudes (see the Perspective by Comita). Stronger local specialized biotic interactions seem to prevent erosion of biodiversity in tropical forests, not only by limiting populations of common species, but also by strongly stabilizing populations of rare species, which tend to show higher CNDD in the tropics. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1389" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam5678">1389</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1328" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan6356">1328</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Damage confirmed</jats:title> <jats:p> Early studies of the impacts of neonicotinoid insecticides on insect pollinators indicated considerable harm. However, lingering criticism was that the studies did not represent field-realistic levels of the chemicals or prevailing environmental conditions. Two studies, conducted on different crops and on two continents, now substantiate that neonicotinoids diminish bee health (see the Perspective by Kerr). Tsvetkov <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> find that bees near corn crops are exposed to neonicotinoids for 3 to 4 months via nontarget pollen, resulting in decreased survival and immune responses, especially when coexposed to a commonly used agrochemical fungicide. Woodcock <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> , in a multicounty experiment on rapeseed in Europe, find that neonicotinoid exposure from several nontarget sources reduces overwintering success and colony reproduction in both honeybees and wild bees. These field results confirm that neonicotinoids negatively affect pollinator health under realistic agricultural conditions. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1395" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam7470">1395</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1393" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaa1190">1393</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6345" page="1331" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan6173">1331</jats:related-article> </jats:p>