Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Developing curricula for developing countries</jats:title> <jats:p> Many children in developing countries grow up in economically poor environments and often also suffer from poorly performing educational systems. Dillon <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> designed inexpensive, locally sourced games—five for mathematics and five for social cognition—for use in preschools in Delhi. They measured the effects of these interventions 3, 9, and 15 months later. Compared with those who played social games, the kids who played math games showed enhanced performance on both nonsymbolic and symbolic math assessments at the 3-month time point. However, only the nonsymbolic improvements persisted for as long as a year. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="47" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal4724">47</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Metastases undergo reconstruction</jats:title> <jats:p> Cancer cells from primary tumors can migrate to regional lymph nodes and distant organs. The prevailing model in oncology is that lymph node metastases give rise to distant metastases. This “sequential progression model” is the rationale for surgical removal of tumor-draining lymph nodes. Naxerova <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used phylogenetic methods to reconstruct the evolutionary relationship of primary tumors, lymph node metastases, and distant metastases in 17 patients with colorectal cancer (see the Perspective by Markowitz). The sequential progression model applied to only one-third of the patients. In the other two-thirds, distant metastases and lymph node metastases originated from independent subclones within the primary tumor. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="55" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aai8515">55</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="35" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan8299">35</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Corner-dwelling topological states</jats:title> <jats:p> Computing the electric polarization of a crystal is surprisingly tricky, but it can be tackled with the help of a topological concept, the so-called Berry phase. Extensions to higher multiple moments, such as quadrupole and octupole, are even trickier. Benalcazar <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> built a theoretical framework for dealing with these moments in certain types of solids. In the presence of some crystalline symmetries, the quadrupole moment is quantized, and the corners of the system play host to fractionally charged, topologically protected states. These predictions may be testable in cold atom and photonic systems. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="61" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aah6442">61</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>NMR on diamonds gets down to chemistry</jats:title> <jats:p> Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is immensely useful for chemical characterization, but it requires relatively large amounts of sample. Recent studies have leveraged nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond to detect NMR signals from samples of just a few cubic nanometers, but with low resolution. Aslam <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> optimized this technique to achieve a resolution of 1 part per million—sufficient to distinguish among alkyl, vinyl, and aryl protons in solution (see the Perspective by Bar-Gill and Retzker). They also demonstrated solid-state implementation and fluorine detection. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="67" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam8697">67</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="38" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan6162">38</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A deeper look into iron selenide</jats:title> <jats:p> In the past 10 years, iron-based superconductors have created more puzzles than they have helped resolve. Some of the most fundamental outstanding questions are how strong the interactions are and what the electron pairing mechanism is. Now two groups have made contributions toward resolving these questions in the intriguing compound iron selenide (FeSe) (see the Perspective by Lee). Gerber <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used photoemission spectroscopy coupled with x-ray diffraction to find that FeSe has a very sizable electron-phonon interaction. Quasiparticle interference imaging helped Sprau <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> determine the shape of the superconducting gap and find that the electron pairing in FeSe is orbital-selective. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="71" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aak9946">71</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="75" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal1575">75</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="32" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan2657">32</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A deeper look into iron selenide</jats:title> <jats:p> In the past 10 years, iron-based superconductors have created more puzzles than they have helped resolve. Some of the most fundamental outstanding questions are how strong the interactions are and what the electron pairing mechanism is. Now two groups have made contributions toward resolving these questions in the intriguing compound iron selenide (FeSe) (see the Perspective by Lee). Gerber <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used photoemission spectroscopy coupled with x-ray diffraction to find that FeSe has a very sizable electron-phonon interaction. Quasiparticle interference imaging helped Sprau <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> determine the shape of the superconducting gap and find that the electron pairing in FeSe is orbital-selective. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="71" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aak9946">71</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="75" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal1575">75</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="32" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan2657">32</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Genetic analysis of disease emergence</jats:title> <jats:p> In the 1980s, wheat crops began to fall to the fungal pathogen that causes blast disease. First seen in Brazil, wheat blast last year caused devastating crop losses in Bangladesh. Inoue <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> tracked down the shifting genetics that have allowed the emergence of this potentially global threat to wheat crops (see the Perspective by Maekawa and Schulze-Lefert). Wheat varieties with a disabled resistance gene were susceptible to pathogen strains that affected oat and ryegrass crops. Subsequent genetic changes in the pathogen amped up the virulence in wheat. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="80" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam9654">80</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="31" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan8287">31</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Inherited microcephaly exposes Zika culprit</jats:title> <jats:p> Microcephaly has been the terrifying hallmark of the recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas. How the virus damages brain development in the fetus is enigmatic. Chavali <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that in congenital microcephaly, mutations in a neural precursor protein, Musashi-1 (MSI1), impede RNA binding to neural stem cell targets, resulting in abnormal brain development (see the Perspective by Griffin). MSI1 also binds ZIKV RNA to amplify viral replication in cells. This interaction could put a pregnant woman at risk of giving birth to a microcephalic child. Furthermore, MSI1 is expressed at high levels in the mouse testis, which may explain the sexual transmission of this virus. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="83" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam9243">83</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="33" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan8626">33</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>How to make traffic worse everywhere</jats:title> <jats:p> One policy aimed at improving traffic flows in large cities requires vehicles to carry two or three passengers, usually in lanes or roads set aside for high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) travel. Whether this actually increases speeds depends on how heavily the HOV roads are used and the availability of alternate routes. Hanna <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> took advantage of an abrupt policy change—the elimination of HOV rules—in Jakarta to collect the travel times from Google Maps for HOV and alternate routes before and after the change (see the Perspective by Anderson). They observed a serious worsening of traffic throughout the city. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="89" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan2747">89</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6346" page="36" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan8177">36</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>Wheat (<jats:italic>Triticum</jats:italic> spp.) is one of the founder crops that likely drove the Neolithic transition to sedentary agrarian societies in the Fertile Crescent more than 10,000 years ago. Identifying genetic modifications underlying wheat’s domestication requires knowledge about the genome of its allo-tetraploid progenitor, wild emmer (<jats:italic>T. turgidum</jats:italic> ssp. <jats:italic>dicoccoides</jats:italic>). We report a 10.1-gigabase assembly of the 14 chromosomes of wild tetraploid wheat, as well as analyses of gene content, genome architecture, and genetic diversity. With this fully assembled polyploid wheat genome, we identified the causal mutations in <jats:italic>Brittle Rachis 1</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>TtBtr1</jats:italic>) genes controlling shattering, a key domestication trait. A study of genomic diversity among wild and domesticated accessions revealed genomic regions bearing the signature of selection under domestication. This reference assembly will serve as a resource for accelerating the genome-assisted improvement of modern wheat varieties.</jats:p>