Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Bacterial toxin fatty-acylates lysine residues</jats:title> <jats:p> A toxin produced by the bacterium that causes cholera has a catalytic activity that contributes to its effects on the cytoskeleton of host cells. Zhou <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> determined the protein structure of the Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)–inactivation domain of the toxin from <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae</jats:italic> and found it to be similar to that of a human fatty acyltransferase. Indeed, the toxin peptide could catalyze fatty acylation of lysine residues of Rho-family GTPases, which regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Such covalent modification of lysine residues in mammalian proteins had been noted before, but the enzymes responsible were not known. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6362" page="528" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="358" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam8659">528</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Elucidating a bacterial sense of touch</jats:title> <jats:p> Bacteria can adhere to surfaces within the host. This leads to tissue colonization, induction of virulence, and eventually the formation of biofilms—multicellular bacterial communities that resist antibiotics and clearance by the immune system (see the Perspective by Hughes and Berg). Hug <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that bacteria have a sense of touch that allows them to change their behavior rapidly when encountering surfaces. This tactile sensing makes use of the inner components of the flagellum, a rotary motor powered by proton motif force that facilitates swimming toward surfaces. Thus, the multifunctional flagellar motor is a mechanosensitive device that promotes surface adaptation. In complementary work, Ellison <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> elucidate the role of bacterial pili in a similar surface-sensing role. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6362" page="531" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="358" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan5353">531</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6362" page="535" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="358" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan5706">535</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6362" page="446" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="358" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaq0143">446</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Elucidating a bacterial sense of touch</jats:title> <jats:p> Bacteria can adhere to surfaces within the host. This leads to tissue colonization, induction of virulence, and eventually the formation of biofilms—multicellular bacterial communities that resist antibiotics and clearance by the immune system (see the Perspective by Hughes and Berg). Hug <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that bacteria have a sense of touch that allows them to change their behavior rapidly when encountering surfaces. This tactile sensing makes use of the inner components of the flagellum, a rotary motor powered by proton motif force that facilitates swimming toward surfaces. Thus, the multifunctional flagellar motor is a mechanosensitive device that promotes surface adaptation. In complementary work, Ellison <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> elucidate the role of bacterial pili in a similar surface-sensing role. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6362" page="531" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="358" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan5353">531</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6362" page="535" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="358" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan5706">535</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6362" page="446" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="358" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaq0143">446</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.</jats:p>

<jats:p> A variety of imaging solutions have entered the commercial marketspace that bridge the resolution gap between widefield and superresolution microscopy. Researchers must determine what their trade-offs will be in terms of imaging depth, resolution, phototoxicity, and speed. The selection of articles in this booklet, from the <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> family of journals as well as from the booklet sponsor, reflects these latest microscopy techniques. </jats:p> <jats:p> This special supplement brought to you by the <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> /AAAS Custom Publishing Office. </jats:p>

<jats:p> A variety of imaging solutions have entered the commercial marketspace that bridge the resolution gap between widefield and superresolution microscopy. Researchers must determine what their trade-offs will be in terms of imaging depth, resolution, phototoxicity, and speed. The selection of articles in this booklet, from the <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> family of journals as well as from the booklet sponsor, reflects these latest microscopy techniques. </jats:p> <jats:p> This special supplement brought to you by the <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> /AAAS Custom Publishing Office. </jats:p>

<jats:p>Neurological disorders affect millions of patients worldwide. The inaccessibility of the brain to physical examination and the complexity of clinical evaluation for such conditions represent major challenges. Subjective symptoms such as chronic pain, for example, can be difficult to confirm, while cognitive impairment can result from a range of different pathologies. In the absence of clear biological markers indicating a particular pathology, it can be difficult to provide a rapid, definitive diagnosis. These challenges are particularly pertinent in neurodegenerative diseases, as few effective treatments for slowing or stopping such conditions are currently available. This situation is confounded by the relative scarcity of blood- or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–based biomarkers that can increase our understanding of disease pathology, and might also serve as effective differential diagnostic or prognostic tools. New protein biomarkers would ideally show specific brain pathologies and act as early indicators of disease. There is also an urgent need for biomarkers to stratify patients into subtypes of neurodegenerative disorders and facilitate selection of the most effective and appropriate treatments. Our panelists will discuss how the ability to analyze multiple protein biomarkers is beginning to address some of these challenges, providing potentially important new insights into neurological disorders.</jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencemag.org/custom-publishing/webinars/unlocking-elusive-mind-role-protein-biomarkers-understanding">View the Webinar</jats:ext-link> </jats:p>