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<jats:title>The great escape</jats:title> <jats:p> Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a potent damage-associated molecular pattern that, if it reaches the cytoplasm or extracellular milieu, triggers innate immune pathways. mtDNA signaling has been implicated in a wide range of diseases; however, the mechanisms of mtDNA release are unclear, and the process has not been observed in real time thus far. McArthur <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used live-cell lattice light-sheet microscopy to look at mtDNA release during intrinsic apoptosis. Activation of the pro-death proteins BAK and BAX resulted in the formation of large macro-pores in the mitochondrial outer membrane. These massive holes caused the inner mitochondrial membrane to balloon out into the cytoplasm, resulting in mitochondrial herniation. This process allowed the contents of the mitochondrial matrix, including mtDNA, to escape into the cytoplasm. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aao6047">eaao6047</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p> In a compelling study, Hicks Pries <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . (Reports, 31 March 2017, p. 1420) showed that 4°C warming enhanced soil CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> production in the 1-meter soil profile, with all soil depths displaying similar temperature sensitivity (Q <jats:sub>10</jats:sub> ). We argue that some caveats can be identified in their experimental approach and analysis, and that these critically undermine their conclusions and hence their claim that the strength of feedback between the whole-soil carbon and climate has been underestimated in terrestrial models. </jats:p>

<jats:p> Temperature records and model predictions demonstrate that deep soils warm at the same rate as surface soils, contrary to Xiao <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> .’s assertions. In response to Xiao <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> .’s critique of our Q <jats:sub>10</jats:sub> analysis, we present the results with all data points included, which show Q <jats:sub>10</jats:sub> values of &gt;2 throughout the soil profile, indicating that all soil depths responded to warming. </jats:p>

<jats:p>In 1787, James Madison conceived of a scientific method to distribute political power in the United States. He proposed a decennial census of population to ensure that the membership of the House of Representatives would reflect the pattern of growth of the fledging nation. From that first census emerged a whole system of social and economic measurement serving the country. As the 2020 U.S. census approaches, the science in the census—and the value of the census for science—can easily be threatened by politics.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Spanish cave paintings date to before modern humans arrived in region.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A controversial study infects people with schistosomiasis to speed up drug and vaccine development.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Water crisis and rising air pollution are stoking regional tensions.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Venture aims to fill gap in higher education landscape.</jats:p>