Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>More than half the fish in the sea</jats:title><jats:p>As the human population has grown in recent decades, our dependence on ocean-supplied protein has rapidly increased. Kroodsma<jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic>took advantage of the automatic identification system installed on all industrial fishing vessels to map and quantify fishing efforts across the world (see the Perspective by Poloczanska). More than half of the world's oceans are subject to industrial-scale harvest, spanning an area four times that covered by terrestrial agriculture. Furthermore, fishing efforts seem not to depend on economic or environmental drivers, but rather social and political schedules. Thus, more active measures will likely be needed to ensure sustainable use of ocean resources.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Science</jats:italic>, this issue p.<jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="904" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aao5646">904</jats:related-article>; see also p.<jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="864" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar7613">864</jats:related-article></jats:p>

<jats:title>Acid reef-flux</jats:title> <jats:p> The uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is reducing the pH of the oceans. Ocean acidification means that calcium carbonate—the material with which coral reefs are built—will be more difficult for organisms to generate and will dissolve more quickly. Eyre <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report that some reefs are already experiencing net sediment dissolution. Worryingly, the rates of loss will increase as ocean acidification intensifies. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="908" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aao1118">908</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Neandertal cave art</jats:title> <jats:p> It has been suggested that Neandertals, as well as modern humans, may have painted caves. Hoffmann <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used uranium-thorium dating of carbonate crusts to show that cave paintings from three different sites in Spain must be older than 64,000 years. These paintings are the oldest dated cave paintings in the world. Importantly, they predate the arrival of modern humans in Europe by at least 20,000 years, which suggests that they must be of Neandertal origin. The cave art comprises mainly red and black paintings and includes representations of various animals, linear signs, geometric shapes, hand stencils, and handprints. Thus, Neandertals possessed a much richer symbolic behavior than previously assumed. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="912" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aap7778">912</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A path to multidrug resistance</jats:title> <jats:p>Permeability glycoprotein (PgP) uses the energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to transport substrates out of the cell. Many of its substrates are drugs, so it plays an important role in drug resistance. Structures in the inward-facing conformation have been determined for mouse, yeast, and algal PgP. Kim and Chen present the cryo–electron microscopy structure of human PgP in an outward-facing conformation. Two ATP molecules are bound between two nucleotide-binding domains. The substrate-binding site, located in the transmembrane domain, is open to the outside of the cell, but compressed, and no substrate is bound. This suggests that ATP binding, rather than ATP hydrolysis, promotes the transition to the outward-facing conformation and substrate release.</jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="915" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar7389">915</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Cancer organoids to model therapy response</jats:title> <jats:p> Cancer organoids are miniature, three-dimensional cell culture models that can be made from primary patient tumors and studied in the laboratory. Vlachogiannis <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> asked whether such “tumor-in-a-dish” approaches can be used to predict drug responses in the clinic. They generated a live organoid biobank from patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer who had previously been enrolled in phase I or II clinical trials. This allowed the authors to compare organoid drug responses with how the patient actually responded in the clinic. Encouragingly, the organoids had similar molecular profiles to those of the patient tumor, reinforcing their value as a platform for drug screening and development. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="920" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aao2774">920</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>SEEK and you may find cancer earlier</jats:title> <jats:p> Many cancers can be cured by surgery and/or systemic therapies when detected before they have metastasized. This clinical reality, coupled with the growing appreciation that cancer's rapid genetic evolution limits its response to drugs, have fueled interest in methodologies for earlier detection of the disease. Cohen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> developed a noninvasive blood test, called CancerSEEK that can detect eight common human cancer types (see the Perspective by Kalinich and Haber). The test assesses eight circulating protein biomarkers and tumor-specific mutations in circulating DNA. In a study of 1000 patients previously diagnosed with cancer and 850 healthy control individuals, CancerSEEK detected cancer with a sensitivity of 69 to 98% (depending on cancer type) and 99% specificity. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="926" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar3247">926</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="866" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aas9102">866</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Putting distance between protein relatives</jats:title> <jats:p> Many proteins form complexes to function. When the gene for a self-assembling protein duplicates, it might be expected that the related proteins (paralogs) would retain interfaces that would allow coassembly. Hochberg <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that the majority of paralogs that oligomerize in fact self-assemble. These paralogs have more diverse functions than those that coassemble, implying that maintaining coassembly would constrain evolution of new function. The authors experimentally investigated how two oligomeric small heat-shock protein paralogs avoid coassembly and found that flexibility at regions outside of the interaction interfaces played a key role. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="930" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam7229">930</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Improved spy tactics for single cells</jats:title> <jats:p> Bioluminescence imaging is a tremendous asset to medical research, providing a way to monitor living cells noninvasively within their natural environments. Advances in imaging methods allow researchers to measure tumor growth, visualize developmental processes, and track cell-cell interactions. Yet technical limitations exist, and it is difficult to image deep tissues or detect low cell numbers in vivo. Iwano <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> designed a bioluminescence imaging system that produces brighter emission by up to a factor of 1000 compared with conventional technology (see the Perspective by Nasu and Campbell). Individual tumor cells were successfully visualized in the lungs of mice. Small numbers of striatal neurons were detected in the brains of naturally behaving marmosets. The ability of the substrate to cross the blood-brain barrier should provide important opportunities for neuroscience research. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="935" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaq1067">935</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="868" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aas9159">868</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Complete architecture of PRC2</jats:title> <jats:p> Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) methylates lysine 27 in histone H3 to achieve gene silencing. Kasinath <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report multiple structures of complete human PRC2 with its four core subunits (EZH2, EED, SUZ12, and RBAP48) and two cofactors (AEBP2 and JARID2) in different active states. These structures describe the molecular mimicry of H3 tails by AEBP2 and JARID2 to regulate PRC2 activity and reveal the organizational role of SUZ12 in maintaining the integrity and stability of the complex. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6378" page="940" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="359" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar5700">940</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.</jats:p>