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<jats:p> Rosas <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . (Reports, 22 September 2017, p. 1282) calculate El Sidrón J1 to have reached only 87.5% of its adult brain size. This finding is based on an overestimation of Neandertal brain size. Pairwise comparisons with a larger sample of Neandertal fossils reveal that it is unlikely that the brain of El Sidrón would have grown appreciably larger. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Regulating molecule proximity</jats:title> <jats:p> The physical distance, or proximity, between molecules often directs biological events. The development of membrane-permeable small molecules that reversibly regulate proximity has enabled advances in fields such as synthetic biology, signal transduction, transcription, protein degradation, epigenetic memory, and chromatin dynamics. This “induced proximity” can also be applied to the development of new therapeutics. Stanton <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> review the wide range of advances and speculate on future applications of this fundamental approach. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aao5902">eaao5902</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>The comment by DeSilva challenges our suggestion that brain growth of the El Sidrón J1 Neandertal was still incomplete at 7.7 years of age. Evidence suggests that endocranial volume is likely to represent less than 90% adult size at El Sidrón as well as Neandertal male plus Krapina samples, in line with further evidence from endocranial surface histology and dural sinus groove size.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The severity of this year's influenza virus is a reminder of the daunting task facing the global health community as it struggles to prevent infectious diseases from sparking deadly epidemics. Today, yellow fever and cholera continue to spread in Africa, while Brazil is in the midst of a major yellow fever outbreak. It was only recently that Zika virus and Ebola virus epidemics were in the headlines. The world needs to harness every resource and tool in the battle to catch outbreaks before they catch us. Prevention is always the first line of defense, and nations must maintain vigilant surveillance—and yet, effective and affordable, quick and definitive diagnostics are absent in the countries where they are most needed. This represents one of our most serious global health security blind spots.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Promising chemistry is starting to compete commercially with lithium-ion.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Coalition says it will hike research spending to 3.5% of gross domestic product—but is that feasible?</jats:p>

<jats:p>Robotic test in Pacific Ocean heralds new way to monitor El Niño events.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Other groups still see evidence for lifelong neurogenesis.</jats:p>

<jats:p>As countries crank up the AC, emissions of potent greenhouse gases are likely to skyrocket.</jats:p>