Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Quantitative analysis of millions of relatives</jats:title> <jats:p> Human relationships, as documented by family trees, can elucidate the heritability of a host of medical and biological parameters. Kaplanis <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> collected 86 million publicly available profiles from a crowd-sourced genealogy website and used them to examine the genetic architecture of human longevity and migration patterns (see the Perspective by Lussier and Keinan). Various models of inheritance suggested that life span is predominantly attributable to additive genetic effects, with a smaller component from dominant genetic inheritance. The data also suggested that relatedness between individuals is less attributable to advances in human transportation than to cultural changes. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6385" page="171" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam9309">171</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6385" page="153" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat2634">153</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Identifying single-cell types in the mouse brain</jats:title> <jats:p> The recent development of single-cell genomic techniques allows us to profile gene expression at the single-cell level easily, although many of these methods have limited throughput. Rosenberg <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> describe a strategy called split-pool ligation-based transcriptome sequencing, or SPLiT-seq, which uses combinatorial barcoding to profile single-cell transcriptomes without requiring the physical isolation of each cell. The authors used their method to profile &gt;100,000 single-cell transcriptomes from mouse brains and spinal cords at 2 and 11 days after birth. Comparisons with in situ hybridization data on RNA expression from Allen Institute atlases linked these transcriptomes with spatial mapping, from which developmental lineages could be identified. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6385" page="176" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam8999">176</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A topological superconductor</jats:title> <jats:p> A promising path toward topological quantum computing involves exotic quasiparticles called the Majorana bound states (MBSs). MBSs have been observed in heterostructures that require careful nanofabrication, but the complexity of such systems makes further progress tricky. Zhang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> identified a topological superconductor in which MBSs may be observed in a simpler way by looking into the cores of vortices induced by an external magnetic field. Using angle-resolved photoemission, the researchers found that the surface of the iron superconductor FeTe <jats:sub>0.55</jats:sub> Se <jats:sub>0.45</jats:sub> satisfies the required conditions for topological superconductivity. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6385" page="182" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan4596">182</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A guide for catalyst choice in the forest</jats:title> <jats:p> Chemists often discover reactions by applying catalysts to a series of simple compounds. Tweaking those reactions to tolerate more structural complexity in pharmaceutical research is time-consuming. Ahneman <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report that machine learning can help. Using a high-throughput data set, they trained a random forest algorithm to predict which specific palladium catalysts would best tolerate isoxazoles (cyclic structures with an N–O bond) during C–N bond formation. The predictions also helped to guide analysis of the catalyst inhibition mechanism. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6385" page="186" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar5169">186</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Refining the fine-structure constant</jats:title> <jats:p> The fine-structure constant, α, is a dimensionless constant that characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between charged elementary particles. Related by four fundamental constants, a precise determination of α allows for a test of the Standard Model of particle physics. Parker <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used matter-wave interferometry with a cloud of cesium atoms to make the most accurate measurement of α to date. Determining the value of α to an accuracy of better than 1 part per billion provides an independent method for testing the accuracy of quantum electrodynamics and the Standard Model. It may also enable searches of the so-called “dark sector” for explanations of dark matter. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6385" page="191" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aap7706">191</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Scaling up to supremacy</jats:title> <jats:p> Quantum information scientists are getting closer to building a quantum computer that can perform calculations that a classical computer cannot. It has been estimated that such a computer would need around 50 qubits, but scaling up existing architectures to this number is tricky. Neill <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> explore how increasing the number of qubits from five to nine affects the quality of the output of their superconducting qubit device. If, as the number of qubits grows further, the error continues to increase at the same rate, a quantum computer with about 60 qubits and reasonable fidelity might be achievable with current technologies. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6385" page="195" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aao4309">195</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Synthesizing graphene nanopores</jats:title> <jats:p> Nanosize pores in graphene can make its electronic properties more favorable for transistor applications and may also be useful for molecular separations. Moreno <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . used Ullmann coupling to polymerize a dibromo-substituted diphenylbianthracene on a gold surface (see the Perspective by Sinitskii). Cyclodehydrogenation of the resulting polymer produced graphene nanoribbons, and cross-coupling of these structures created a nanoporous graphene sheet with pore sizes of about 1 nanometer. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy revealed an electronic structure in which semiconductor bands with an energy gap of 1 electron volt coexist with localized states created by the pores. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6385" page="199" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar2009">199</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6385" page="154" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat5117">154</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Aiding and abetting norovirus disease</jats:title> <jats:p> Norovirus is highly infectious and usually causes transient, acute disease. In some individuals, norovirus persists and is associated with inflammatory bowel disorders. While investigating the cell tropism for murine norovirus, Wilen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> discovered that a rare cell type, tuft cells, carrying the CD300lf receptor were the virus's specific target. Tuft cells proliferate in response to the type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-25, which thereby amplify norovirus infection. Moreover, infected tuft cells are resistant to immune clearance. This effect may explain the associated persistent disease symptoms that humans can suffer. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6385" page="204" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar3799">204</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Microbes eat rocks and leave carbon dioxide</jats:title> <jats:p> The reaction of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> ) with silicate rocks provides a carbon sink that helps counterbalance the release of CO <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> by volcanic degassing. However, some types of rocks contain petrogenic organic carbon, the oxidation of which adds CO <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> to the atmosphere, counteracting the drawdown by silicates. Hemingway <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> present evidence from the rapidly eroding Central Range of Taiwan showing that microbes oxidize roughly two-thirds of the petrogenic organic carbon there and that the rate of oxidation increases with the rate of erosion. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6385" page="209" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aao6463">209</jats:related-article> </jats:p>