Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Cascading effects of regime shifts</jats:title> <jats:p> The potential for regime shifts and critical transitions in ecological and Earth systems, particularly in a changing climate, has received considerable attention. However, the possibility of interactions between such shifts is poorly understood. Rocha <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used network analysis to explore whether critical transitions in ecosystems can be coupled with each other, even when far apart (see the Perspective by Scheffer and van Nes). They report different types of potential cascading effects, including domino effects and hidden feedbacks, that can be prevalent in different systems. Such cascading effects can couple the dynamics of regime shifts in distant places, which suggests that the interactions between transitions should be borne in mind in future forecasts. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6421" page="1379" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="362" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat7850">1379</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6421" page="1357" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="362" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav8478">1357</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Helium escaping from hot gas giants</jats:title> <jats:p> Many gas giant exoplanets orbit so close to their host star that they are heated to high temperatures, causing atmospheric gases to escape. Gas giant atmospheres are mostly hydrogen and helium, which are difficult to observe. Two papers have now observed escaping helium in the near-infrared (see the Perspective by Brogi). Allart <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> observed helium in a Neptune-mass exoplanet and performed detailed simulations of its atmosphere, which put constraints on the escape rate. Nortmann <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that helium is escaping a Saturn-mass planet, trailing behind it in its orbit. They combined this with observations of several other exoplanets to show that atmospheres are being lost more quickly by exoplanets that are more strongly heated. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6421" page="1384" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="362" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat5879">1384</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6421" page="1388" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="362" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat5348">1388</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6421" page="1360" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="362" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav7010">1360</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Helium escaping from hot gas giants</jats:title> <jats:p> Many gas giant exoplanets orbit so close to their host star that they are heated to high temperatures, causing atmospheric gases to escape. Gas giant atmospheres are mostly hydrogen and helium, which are difficult to observe. Two papers have now observed escaping helium in the near-infrared (see the Perspective by Brogi). Allart <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> observed helium in a Neptune-mass exoplanet and performed detailed simulations of its atmosphere, which put constraints on the escape rate. Nortmann <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that helium is escaping a Saturn-mass planet, trailing behind it in its orbit. They combined this with observations of several other exoplanets to show that atmospheres are being lost more quickly by exoplanets that are more strongly heated. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6421" page="1384" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="362" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat5879">1384</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6421" page="1388" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="362" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat5348">1388</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6421" page="1360" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="362" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav7010">1360</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Reconnection in Earth's magnetotail</jats:title> <jats:p> Magnetic fields in plasmas can rapidly rearrange themselves in a process known as magnetic reconnection, which releases energy and accelerates particles. Torbert <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission to probe a reconnection event in Earth's magnetotail—the region of plasma downstream from the planet as it moves through the solar wind. MMS has previously studied reconnection in the upstream magnetopause, but a different orbit was used to study the magnetotail, where the symmetry of the process is different. The authors measured plasma properties on scales of the electron dynamics, leading to insights that will apply in other regions where magnetic reconnection occurs. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6421" page="1391" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="362" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat2998">1391</jats:related-article> </jats:p>