Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Forgetting and receptor removal</jats:title> <jats:p> The trafficking of AMPA receptors to and from the surface of postsynaptic membranes regulates synaptic strength and underlies learning and memory. Awasthi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that the integral membrane protein synaptotagmin-3 (Syt3) is predominantly found on postsynaptic endocytic zones of neurons, where it promotes AMPA receptor internalization (see the Perspective by Mandelberg and Tsien). In Syt3 overexpressing or knockdown neurons, synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity were unchanged. However, in neurons from Syt3 knockout mice, synaptic long-term depression was abolished and decaying long-term potentiation endured. In Syt3 knockout mice, spatial learning was unaltered; however, these animals showed signs of impaired forgetting and relearning during the water maze spatial memory task. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="eaav1483" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav1483">eaav1483</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="31" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw1675">31</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Commensal-specific T cells are flexible</jats:title> <jats:p> Barrier tissues, like the skin, are sites where noninvasive commensal microbes constantly interact with resident T cells. These encounters can result in commensal-specific T cell responses that promote, for example, host defense and tissue repair. Harrison <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that subsets of skin-resident commensal-specific interleukin-17A–producing CD4 <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and CD8 <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells have a dual nature: They coexpress transcription factors that direct antagonistic antimicrobial (type 17) and antiparasite and pro–tissue repair (type 2) programs. When skin is damaged, epithelial cell alarmins license type 17 T cells to turn on type 2 cytokines. Thus, commensal-specific type 17 T cells can direct antimicrobial activity under homeostatic conditions but rapidly turn on tissue repair in the context of injury. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="eaat6280" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat6280">eaat6280</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Fixing photosynthetic inefficiencies</jats:title> <jats:p> In some of our most useful crops (such as rice and wheat), photosynthesis produces toxic by-products that reduce its efficiency. Photorespiration deals with these by-products, converting them into metabolically useful components, but at the cost of energy lost. South <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> constructed a metabolic pathway in transgenic tobacco plants that more efficiently recaptures the unproductive by-products of photosynthesis with less energy lost (see the Perspective by Eisenhut and Weber). In field trials, these transgenic tobacco plants were ∼40% more productive than wild-type tobacco plants. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="eaat9077" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat9077">eaat9077</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="32" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav8979">32</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Exceptional points in optics</jats:title> <jats:p>Many complex systems operate with loss. Mathematically, these systems can be described as non-Hermitian. A property of such a system is that there can exist certain conditions—exceptional points—where gain and loss can be perfectly balanced and exotic behavior is predicted to occur. Optical systems generally possess gain and loss and so are ideal systems for exploring exceptional point physics. Miri and Alù review the topic of exceptional points in photonics and explore some of the possible exotic behavior that might be expected from engineering such systems.</jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="eaar7709" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar7709">eaar7709</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p> I previously reported results of a study on author gender in <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> ( <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6323/329">science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6323/329</jats:ext-link> ) that was based on the examination of a random sample of approximately 2600 authors for which gender was inferred by painstaking analysis of websites and similar sources. Unfortunately, this approach does not scale well to large samples necessary for many analyses. We have since initiated systematic efforts to examine gender distributions of key populations of authors and reviewers for the <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> family of journals using additional data and tools and plan to use this information to guide policy development and other appropriate steps to address any gender disparities. </jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Spurred by European funders behind Plan S, many countries consider similar moves.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Indonesia's mountains could be cause of current glacial age.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Fed data from invasive brain recordings, algorithms reconstruct heard and spoken sounds.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Once considered outlandish, the idea that plants help their relatives is taking root.</jats:p>