Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>ChAT-ty T cells fight viral infection</jats:title> <jats:p> The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in processes such as muscle contraction, neuron communication, and vasodilation. Along with neurons, a population of immunological T cells and B cells express the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of ACh production. However, the role of immune cell–derived ACh is unclear. Cox <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report that the cytokine interleukin-21 (IL-21) induces ChAT expression in CD4 <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and CD8 <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection (see the Perspective by Hickman). T cell–specific deletion of ChAT strongly impaired vasodilation and trafficking of antiviral T cells into infected tissues, which undermined the effective control of a chronic viral infection. Thus, IL-21 plays a critical role during chronic infection. Furthermore, the findings reveal a cholinergic mechanism that can regulate immune cell migration into tissues. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6427" page="639" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau9072">639</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6427" page="585" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw3618">585</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Fueling lymph node metastases</jats:title> <jats:p> Metastatic cells can migrate from a primary tumor to distant organs through two routes: They can enter the bloodstream directly, or they can enter a lymph node adjacent to the primary tumor. Little is known about the biological mechanisms that allow tumor cells to survive and grow within lymph nodes. Studying mouse models, Lee <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that tumor cells adapt to the lymph node microenvironment by shifting their metabolism toward fatty acid oxidation. This occurs through activation of a signaling pathway driven by the yes-associated protein (YAP) transcription factor. Importantly, inhibition of fatty acid oxidation or YAP signaling suppressed lymph node metastasis in the mice. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6427" page="644" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav0173">644</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>HIV glycans and nanoparticle vaccines</jats:title> <jats:p> Synthetic nanoparticles have attracted widespread interest for vaccine design, but how the immune system generates a response to multimeric nanoparticles remains unclear. Tokatlian <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> studied immunity generated by HIV envelope antigens arranged in either multivalent nanoparticle forms or as single monomers (see the Perspective by Wilson). The nanoparticle HIV immunogens triggered greater antibody responses compared with the monomeric forms. Glycosylation appeared key for enhanced humoral immunity because it spurred binding to mannose-binding lectin, complement fixation, and antigen trafficking to follicular dendritic cells. The findings highlight how the innate immune system recognizes HIV nanoparticles and the importance of antigen glycosylation in the design of next-generation nano-based vaccines. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6427" page="649" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat9120">649</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6427" page="584" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav9000">584</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.</jats:p>

<jats:p>“What is the mechanism?” This is a fundamental question that drives many biological research programs. Imaging experiments have been trending toward higher-content approaches in order to delve deeper into the mechanism and increase data fidelity. In this digital supplement, we highlight several recent studies from researchers that not only use high-throughput methods but combine them with novel engineering techniques, whether at the specimen or platform level, to gain more from their imaging experiments.</jats:p> <jats:p> This special supplement brought to you by the <jats:bold>Science</jats:bold> /AAAS Custom Publishing Office. </jats:p>