Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Improved agonists for chemogenetics</jats:title> <jats:p> Targeting ligand-responsive receptors to specific groups of cells, a strategy known as chemogenetics, is a powerful tool in many neurological applications. There is increasing interest in extending these tools for human treatment. Magnus <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> designed chemogenetic ion channels that improve currently available systems and are activated by the clinically used antismoking drug varenicline. They engineered a ligand-binding domain less responsive to endogenous signals and identified agonists that function at nanomolar concentrations. The combination of drug and introduced channels transiently silenced neurons, with slow but effective washout, and induced behavioral changes in animal models after brain administration. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav5282">eaav5282</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Why is ketamine an antidepressant?</jats:title> <jats:p> A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the action of antidepressants is urgently needed. Moda-Sava <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> explored a possible mode of action for the drug ketamine, which has recently been shown to help patients recover from depression (see the Perspective by Beyeler). Ketamine rescued behavior in mice that was associated with depression-like phenotypes by selectively reversing stress-induced spine loss and restoring coordinated multicellular ensemble activity in prefrontal microcircuits. The initial induction of ketamine's antidepressant effect on mouse behavior occurred independently of effects on spine formation. Instead, synaptogenesis in the prefrontal region played a critical role in nourishing these effects over time. Interventions aimed at enhancing the survival of restored synapses may thus be useful for sustaining the behavioral effects of fast-acting antidepressants. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat8078">eaat8078</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6436" page="129" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax0719">129</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Glycosylation goes back and forth</jats:title> <jats:p> Plants produce receptors that recognize fragments of microbial flagellin, thus monitoring for infection by bacteria. Buscaill <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> studied how a flagellin fragment is made accessible for recognition by host glycosidases, which degrade the glycosylations shielding the peptide that triggers the immune response. The pathogen, in turn, evades detection by altering flagellin glycosylation and inhibiting the host glycosidase. This aspect of plant defense against infection plays out in the apoplast, the extracellular space within plant tissues. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav0748">eaav0748</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>What to expect after a year in space</jats:title> <jats:p> Space is the final frontier for understanding how extreme environments affect human physiology. Following twin astronauts, one of which spent a year-long mission on the International Space Station, Garrett-Bakelman <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examined molecular and physiological traits that may be affected by time in space (see the Perspective by Löbrich and Jeggo). Sequencing the components of whole blood revealed that the length of telomeres, which is important to maintain in dividing cells and may be related to human aging, changed substantially during space flight and again upon return to Earth. Coupled with changes in DNA methylation in immune cells and cardiovascular and cognitive effects, this study provides a basis to assess the hazards of long-term space habitation. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau8650">eaau8650</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6436" page="127" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw7086">127</jats:related-article> </jats:p>