Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Hand it to you</jats:title> <jats:p>Our ability to grab, hold, and manipulate objects involves our dexterous hands, our sense of touch, and feedback from our eyes and muscles that allows us to maintain a controlled grip. Billard and Kragic review the progress made in robotics to emulate these functions. Systems have developed from simple, pinching grippers operating in a fully defined environment, to robots that can identify, select, and manipulate objects from a random collection. Further developments are emerging from advances in computer vision, computer processing capabilities, and tactile materials that give feedback to the robot.</jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat8414">eaat8414</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Phylogeny and characteristics of ruminants</jats:title> <jats:p> Ruminants are a diverse group of mammals that includes families containing well-known taxa such as deer, cows, and goats. However, their evolutionary relationships have been contentious, as have the origins of their distinctive digestive systems and headgear, including antlers and horns (see the Perspective by Ker and Yang). To understand the relationships among ruminants, L. Chen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> sequenced 44 species representing 6 families and performed a phylogenetic analysis. From this analysis, they were able to resolve the phylogeny of many genera and document incomplete lineage sorting among major clades. Interestingly, they found evidence for large population reductions among many taxa starting at approximately 100,000 years ago, coinciding with the migration of humans out of Africa. Examining the bony appendages on the head—the so-called headgear—Wang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> describe specific evolutionary changes in the ruminants and identify selection on cancer-related genes that may function in antler development in deer. Finally, Lin <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> take a close look at the reindeer genome and identify the genetic basis of adaptations that allow reindeer to survive in the harsh conditions of the Arctic. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav6202">eaav6202</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav6335">eaav6335</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav6312">eaav6312</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6446" page="1130" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax5182">1130</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Phylogeny and characteristics of ruminants</jats:title> <jats:p> Ruminants are a diverse group of mammals that includes families containing well-known taxa such as deer, cows, and goats. However, their evolutionary relationships have been contentious, as have the origins of their distinctive digestive systems and headgear, including antlers and horns (see the Perspective by Ker and Yang). To understand the relationships among ruminants, L. Chen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> sequenced 44 species representing 6 families and performed a phylogenetic analysis. From this analysis, they were able to resolve the phylogeny of many genera and document incomplete lineage sorting among major clades. Interestingly, they found evidence for large population reductions among many taxa starting at approximately 100,000 years ago, coinciding with the migration of humans out of Africa. Examining the bony appendages on the head—the so-called headgear—Wang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> describe specific evolutionary changes in the ruminants and identify selection on cancer-related genes that may function in antler development in deer. Finally, Lin <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> take a close look at the reindeer genome and identify the genetic basis of adaptations that allow reindeer to survive in the harsh conditions of the Arctic. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav6202">eaav6202</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav6335">eaav6335</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav6312">eaav6312</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6446" page="1130" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax5182">1130</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Flexible domains in a well-oiled machine</jats:title> <jats:p> Motors convert one form of energy into another. For biological motors, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) serves as chemical energy and its hydrolysis is coupled to conformational changes that exert mechanical force. ATP synthases reverse this process in a multistep process: first converting an electrochemical gradient to rotational kinetic energy, and then coupling rotation to formation of high-energy phosphodiester bonds. Murphy <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> investigated these energy changes in the dimeric mitochondrial F <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> -F <jats:sub>o</jats:sub> ATP synthase from <jats:italic>Polytomella</jats:italic> sp., a unicellular alga. They solved high-resolution cryo–electron microscopy structures of the ATP synthase complex, extracting 13 rotational substates. This collection of structures revealed that the rotation of the F <jats:sub>o</jats:sub> ring and central stalk is coupled with partial rotations of the F <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> head. This flexibility may enable the head to better couple continuous rotation with discrete ATP synthesis events. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw9128">eaaw9128</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p> A bipartisan proposal to modify restraints in patent law was debated before the United States Senate Judiciary Committee this month. Immediately following the third hearing last week, leading scientists called for a study of the relevant issues by the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, prior to the draft legislation moving forward ( <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.patenteligibility.com">www.patenteligibility.com</jats:ext-link> ). This study should be initiated soon, with a short timeline, to ensure that appropriate information and analysis can inform the legislative processes that will substantially affect how the benefits of science and innovation are delivered to society. </jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Advisory group urges mandatory reporting of #MeTooSTEM investigations to agency.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Advisory group urges mandatory reporting of #MeTooSTEM investigations to agency.</jats:p>