Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p> Hergarten <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . interpret our results in terms of erosion and uncertain calibration, rather than requiring an increase in impact flux. Geologic constraints indicate low long-term erosion rates on stable cratons where most craters with diameters of ≥20 kilometers occur. We statistically test their proposed recalibration of the lunar crater ages and find that it is disfavored relative to our original calibration. </jats:p>

<jats:title>A “sUPR” target for pain management?</jats:title> <jats:p> The unfolded protein response (UPR) is initiated when unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum. One highly conserved arm of the UPR, the IRE1α–XBP1 signaling pathway, also plays a role in various other UPR-independent processes, including hypoxia, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Chopra <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report that this pathway additionally regulates the production of two molecules, cyclooxygenase 2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1, that help mediate inflammation-induced pain (see the Perspective by Avril and Chevet). When elements of the IRE1α–XBP1 signaling pathway were knocked out, pain behaviors were reduced in two different mouse models of pain. Targeting this pathway may result in improved pain management therapies. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau6499">eaau6499</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6450" page="224" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="365" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay2721">224</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p> Mazrouei <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . (Reports, 18 January 2019, p. 253) found a nonuniform distribution of crater ages on Earth and the Moon, concluding that the impact flux increased about 290 million years ago. We show that the apparent increase on Earth can be explained by erosion, whereas that on the Moon may be an artifact of their calibration method. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Pericytes put the squeeze on cognition</jats:title> <jats:p> Like a computer, the brain needs a reliable source of power, which is provided as oxygen and glucose in the blood. However, in many neurological disorders this energy supply is disrupted. Brain blood flow is controlled by adjustment of the diameters of the vessels supplying the blood. Nortley <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that, both in humans developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in a mouse model of AD, brain capillaries become squeezed by pericytes (see the Perspective by Liesz). By defining the underlying mechanism, they suggest potential targets for therapy in early AD. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav9518">eaav9518</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6450" page="223" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="365" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay2720">223</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>The genetics of sexual dimorphism</jats:title> <jats:p> In mammals, many species exhibit sex-specific phenotypes that differ between males and females. Although attention has been directed to the effects of the X and Y sex chromosomes, we do not understand how sex affects the rest of the genome. Naqvi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examined gene expression in 12 tissues in male and female humans, mice, rats, dogs, and cynomolgus macaques and identified diversity in gene expression between the sexes. Examining sex-biased gene expression in human height identified opposing male or female bias. Although conservation of differential sex-specific gene expression among species was observed, specific genes differed in the sexes among species and lineages suggesting the evolution of species- or lineage-specific sex-biased expression. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw7317">eaaw7317</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p> I was 11 years old when my neighborhood gathered to watch Apollo 11 transport human beings to the surface of the Moon for the first time. We clustered around a black-and-white television when, at dusk in California, Neil Armstrong took his first lunar steps and said, “That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” This issue of <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> celebrates the 50th anniversary of this landmark event. The path that led to this success transformed our understanding of humankind's place in the universe and demonstrated the power of an audacious goal in driving technology forward. </jats:p>

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