Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Exotic plants reduce carbon sequestration</jats:title> <jats:p> Invasive exotic plants have become a major problem worldwide, with transformational effects on the composition and function of ecosystems. In a multifactorial experiment in New Zealand, Waller <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that exotic plants accelerate carbon loss from soils through their interactions with invertebrate herbivores and soil biota (see the Perspective by Urcelay and Austin). They built 160 mini-ecosystems in the field, manipulating interactions among plants, invertebrate herbivores, and soil biota. Key biological and abiotic responses were measured to quantify the relative contribution and interactions of the components of each community, revealing the potential of invasive plants to influence and suppress carbon sequestration through biotic interactions. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6494" page="967" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba2225">967</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6494" page="934" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc3587">934</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Profiling tumor bacteria</jats:title> <jats:p> Bacteria are well-known residents in human tumors, but whether their presence is advantageous to the tumors or to the bacteria themselves has been unclear. As an initial step toward addressing this question, Nejman <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> produced an exhaustive catalog of the bacteria present in more than 1500 human tumors representing seven different tumor types (see the Perspective by Atreya and Turnbaugh). They found that the bacteria within tumors were localized within both cancer cells and immune cells and that the bacterial composition varied according to tumor type. Certain biologically plausible associations were identified. For example, breast cancer subtypes characterized by increased oxidative stress were enriched in bacteria that produce mycothiol, which can detoxify reactive oxygen species. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6494" page="973" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay9189">973</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6494" page="938" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc1464">938</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Fully synthetic whole proteins in reach</jats:title> <jats:p> Solid-phase peptide synthesis of homogeneous peptides longer than about 50 amino acids has been a long-standing challenge because of inefficient coupling and side reactions. Hartrampf <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used an automated chemistry platform to optimize fast-flow peptide synthesis and were able to produce fully synthetic single-domain proteins (see the Perspective by Proulx). The targets included proinsulin and enzymes such as barnase and a version of HIV-1 protease containing multiple noncanonical amino acids. Refolded peptides were nearly indistinguishable from recombinant proteins, and the synthesized enzymes had activity close to that of their ribosomally synthesized counterparts. This method will enable fast, on-demand synthesis of small proteins with a vastly expanded pool of precursor amino acids. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6494" page="980" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb2491">980</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6494" page="941" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb9711">941</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Changing forces in midstream</jats:title> <jats:p> The intensity and frequency of the strongest cyclones east of Taiwan have increased over the past several decades as the climate has warmed. Zhang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that one result of this trend has been the strengthening of Kuroshio current transport off the coast of Japan. The Kuroshio, like its Atlantic counterpart the Gulf Stream, is a surface current that moves huge volumes of warm water from low latitudes to high ones. As strong Pacific cyclones have become stronger, they have increased the amount of energy contained in cyclonic mesoscale ocean eddies and decreased that of anticyclonic ones. This in turn has increased the transfer of energy to the Kuroshio as eddies move into the current, providing a feedback between climate warming and ocean heat transport. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6494" page="988" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax5758">988</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Electronic control of designer cells</jats:title> <jats:p> There is increasing interest in using designer cells to produce or deliver therapeutics. Achieving direct communication between such cells and electronic devices would allow precise control of therapies. Krawczyk <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> describe a bioelectronic interface that uses wireless-powered electrical stimulation of cells to promote the release of insulin (see the Perspective by Brier and Dordick). The authors engineered human β cells to respond to membrane depolarization by rapidly releasing insulin from intracellular storage vesicles. A bioelectronic device that incorporates the cells can be wirelessly triggered by an external field generator. When subcutaneously implanted in type 1 diabetic mice, the device could be triggered to restore normal blood glucose levels. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6494" page="993" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau7187">993</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6494" page="936" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb9122">936</jats:related-article> </jats:p>