Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Innate immune cells remember</jats:title> <jats:p> Immunological memory is a phenomenon by which immune cells can quickly recognize an antigen that the host has previously encountered. Certain cells of the innate immune system exhibit memory-like responses know as trained immunity. Rapid, antigen-specific secondary (anamnestic) responses were long thought to be the domain of B and T cells. However, Dai <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report that monocytes and macrophages can acquire memory specific for particular major histocompatibility complex I antigens using paired A-type immunoglobulin-like receptors (PIR-As) (see the Perspective by Dominguez-Andrés and Netea). This pathway contributes to recognition and rejection of allograft-transplanted tissue from a donor of the same species. Genetic depletion or blockade of PIR-As in mice diminished the rejection of kidney and heart allografts. This work, which expands immunological memory to include myeloid cells, points to targets that may improve organ transplantation outcomes in the future. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6495" page="1122" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax4040">1122</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6495" page="1052" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc2660">1052</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>How cancer cells adapt to stress</jats:title> <jats:p> Bacteria adapt to harsh conditions such as antibiotic exposure by acquiring new mutations, a process called stress-induced mutagenesis. Cipponi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> investigated whether similar programs of mutagenesis play a role in the response of cancer cells to targeted therapies. Using in vitro models of intense drug selection and genome-wide functional screens, the authors found evidence for an analogous process in cancer and showed that it is regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. This pathway appears to mediate a stress-related switch to error-prone DNA repair, resulting in the generation of mutations that facilitate the emergence of drug resistance. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6495" page="1127" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau8768">1127</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Local control of sperm maturation</jats:title> <jats:p> Newly produced spermatozoa within the testis do not have fertilizing ability but become fully functional when they mature in the epididymis. The development of the epididymis itself is dependent on testicular factors arriving via luminal flow. Improper signaling between the testis and epididymis is hypothesized to result in male infertility. Kiyozumi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> identified NELL2 as a testicular luminal protein that binds to its receptor, ROS1, on the luminal epididymis surface and induces epididymal differentiation (see the Perspective by Lord and Oatley). In turn, differentiated epididymis secretes a fertility-essential protease, ovochymase-2, to make spermatozoa fully mature and functional. Thus, testis-epididymis interorgan communication by this “lumicrine” regulation ensures mammalian reproduction. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6495" page="1132" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay5134">1132</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6495" page="1053" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc2732">1053</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>DNA barcodes in small packages</jats:title> <jats:p> Under adverse environmental conditions, some microorganisms form spores that provide robust protection for genetic material. Qian <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> developed a system in which DNA barcodes are encapsulated inside nongerminating microbial spores and can be dispersed on objects or in the environment (see the Perspective by Nivala). These barcoded spores provide a durable, specific marker that can be read out quickly with simple equipment. When applied to soil, the spores can be transferred to and from objects around them, enabling tracking at meter-scale resolution. On plant leaves, the spores are not readily transferred, and the authors demonstrate a potential use for tracking agricultural products. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6495" page="1135" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba5584">1135</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6495" page="1058" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc4246">1058</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Not just settling</jats:title> <jats:p> What controls the distribution of microplastics on the deep seafloor? Kane <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that the answer to that question is more complicated than particles simply settling from where they are found on the sea surface (see the Perspective by Mohrig). Using data that they collected off the coast of Corsica, the authors show that thermohaline-driven currents can control the distribution of microplastics by creating hotspots of accumulation, analogous to their role in causing focused areas of seafloor sediment deposition. Such currents also supply oxygen and nutrients to deep-sea benthos, so deepsea biodiversity hotspots are also likely to be microplastic hotspots. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6495" page="1140" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba5899">1140</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6495" page="1055" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc1510">1055</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.</jats:p>