Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>The adaptive human frontal cortex</jats:title> <jats:p> Flexibly switching between different tasks is a fundamental human cognitive ability that allows us to make selective use of only the information needed for a given decision. Minxha <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used single-neuron recordings from patients to understand how the human brain retrieves memories on demand when needed for making a decision and how retrieved memories are dynamically routed in the brain from the temporal to the frontal lobe. When memory was not needed, only medial frontal cortex neural activity was correlated with the task. However, when outcome choices required memory retrieval, frontal cortex neurons were phase-locked to field potentials recorded in the medial temporal lobe. Therefore, depending on demands of the task, neurons in different regions can flexibly engage and disengage their activity patterns. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba3313">eaba3313</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>The fate of genes after duplication</jats:title> <jats:p> Gene duplication within an organism is a relatively common event during evolution. However, we cannot predict the fate of the duplicated genes: Will they be lost, evolve, or overlap in function within an organismal lineage or species? Kuzmin <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> explored the fate of duplicated gene function within the yeast <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</jats:italic> (see the Perspective by Ehrenreich). They examined how experimental deletions of one or two duplicated genes (paralogs) affected yeast fitness and were able to determine which genes have likely evolved new essential functions and which retained functional overlap, a condition the authors refer to as entanglement. On the basis of these results, they propose how entanglement affects the evolutionary trajectory of gene duplications. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaz5667">eaaz5667</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6498" page="1424" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc1796">1424</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Guiding regeneration</jats:title> <jats:p> Many adult organisms can regenerate neural circuits after injury. However, it is not clear which guidance mechanisms operate to promote axon path finding in the adult. Scimone <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> addressed this question by investigating regeneration of the planarian visual system (see the Perspective by Roberts-Galbraith). Distinct muscle cell populations were found in close association with photoreceptor axons that, together with a neuron class, facilitated visual system assembly after diverse injuries or eye transplantations. These cells exhibited features similar to embryonic guidepost cells and were specified independently of eyes in precise locations by the action of adult positional information cues. Absence of these guidepost-like cells was associated with defective neuronal wiring in regeneration. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba3203">eaba3203</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6498" page="1428" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc8066">1428</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p> Communicating the findings of science plays a vital role in shaping our lives and the planet. From my vantage point at the <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> family of journals, I witness daily how editors, journalists, and scientists work together to deliver scientific information to the world. Given the recent rapid pace of discovery, relaying remarkable findings has never been busier. So why aren't these efforts having a bigger positive effect on the public acceptance of science? </jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Noninvasive method of tweaking neural activity enters new tests in humans.</jats:p>