Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Sleep and basal forebrain activity</jats:title> <jats:p> Different patterns of neural activity in the brain control the sleep-wake cycle. However, how this activity contributes to sleep homeostasis remains largely unknown. Adenosine in the basal forebrain is a prominent physiological mediator of sleep homeostasis. Using a newly developed indicator, Peng <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> monitored adenosine concentration in the mouse basal forebrain. There was a clear correlation with wake state and REM sleep. Activity-dependent release of adenosine could also be elicited after optogenetic stimulation of basal forebrain glutamatergic, but not cholinergic, neurons. These findings offer new insights into how neuronal activity during wakefulness contributes to sleep pressure through the release of sleep-inducing factors. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb0556">eabb0556</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Regulatory elements of fish regeneration</jats:title> <jats:p> Some animals regenerate extensively, whereas others, such as mammals, do not. The reason behind this difference is not clear. If the genetic mechanisms driving regeneration are evolutionarily conserved, the study of distantly related species that are subjected to different selective pressures could identify distinguishing species-specific and conserved regeneration-responsive mechanisms. Zebrafish and the short-lived African killifish are separated by ∼230 million years of evolutionary distance and, as such, provide a biological context to elucidate molecular mechanisms. Wang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> identify both species-specific and evolutionarily conserved regeneration programs in these fish. They also provide evidence that elements of this program are subjected to evolutionary changes in vertebrate species with limited or no regenerative capacities. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaz3090">eaaz3090</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Immune profiling of COVID-19 patients</jats:title> <jats:p> Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people globally, yet how the human immune system responds to and influences COVID-19 severity remains unclear. Mathew <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> present a comprehensive atlas of immune modulation associated with COVID-19. They performed high-dimensional flow cytometry of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and found three prominent and distinct immunotypes that are related to disease severity and clinical parameters. Arunachalam <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report a systems biology approach to assess the immune system of COVID-19 patients with mild-to-severe disease. These studies provide a compendium of immune cell information and roadmaps for potential therapeutic interventions. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc8511">eabc8511</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6508" page="1210" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc6261">1210</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is upending education. Operating schools during the pandemic entails balancing health risks against the consequences of disrupting in-person learning. In the United States, plans differ among states as schools have already reopened or plan to reopen. Scientific understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19) should inform how schools reopen.</jats:p>

<jats:p>On 18 August 2020, the United States celebrated the 100th anniversary of the 19th amendment to its Constitution, which granted the right to vote to female U.S. citizens. This amendment had a profound, yet uneven, impact on the lives of female scientists and on the scientific enterprise at the time and into the 21st century, enabling white women in science to gain greater professional acceptance, to expand their opportunities for scientific work, and to fight for equal pay. At the same time, women of color did not receive the right to vote until 1965. The participation of women of color in scientific professions was thus severely limited during the intervening years; a disparity that continues today, and which may worsen as women throughout the country are being tasked with new and more extensive childcare, elder care, and household responsibilities as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</jats:p>

<jats:p>In science news around the world, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issues an emergency use authorization to Abbott, a laboratory company, for a 15-minute test for the COVID-19 virus that could help expand the number of Americans regularly tested; the new diagnostic, called BinaxNOW, detects proteins, or antigens, that are unique to the virus with high accuracy and at a cost of $5 each. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention draws criticism for revising its guidelines to state that people exposed to the virus do not necessarily need a test if they lack symptoms and do not have medical conditions that make them vulnerable. The White House says it will establish a dozen centers to study artificial intelligence and quantum information science. China says it continued in 2019 its yearslong run of double-digit annual percentage increases in spending on R&amp;D. Iran agrees to allow international inspectors access to two sites that were allegedly part of a clandestine nuclear weapons program.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Countries seek new strategies as coronavirus cases are rising again across the continent</jats:p>

<jats:p>Proposal to strip São Paulo institutions of reserve funds draws fierce opposition</jats:p>