Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>A strong cocktail against SARS-CoV-2</jats:title> <jats:p> Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is initiated by the trimeric spike protein that decorates the virus and binds the ACE2 receptor. Antibodies against the spike that neutralize viral infection have potential as therapeutics. Tortorici <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> describe two very potent antibodies, S2E12 and S2M11. Electron microscopy structures characterized the binding and showed that S2E12 traps the spike in a conformation that cannot bind ACE2. Both antibodies protected hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 challenge and may be useful in antibody cocktails to combat the virus and prevent the development of resistance. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6519" page="950" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abe3354">950</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Telegraphing molecules</jats:title> <jats:p> Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tips have long been used to manipulate atoms and molecules through direct interactions. Civita <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> now show that at cryogenic temperatures, the bias voltage from an STM tip can propel a large organic molecule, dibromoterfluorene, long distances—tens of nanometers along straight tracks on the flat silver (111) surface (see the Perspective by Esch and Lechner). This electrostatic effect requires the molecule to be oriented along the track, and derivatives lacking bromide groups would change direction. In a dual-tip setup, changing the bias voltage sent and received molecules between two specific points about 60 nanometers apart. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6519" page="957" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abd0696">957</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6519" page="912" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abe5959">912</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Feeling temperature and touch</jats:title> <jats:p> The range of receptors in our skin make it possible to sense when we are touching an object and also gives us a general sense of the temperature of that object. Achieving this in an artificial skin-like material has been a challenge because most of the approaches for sensing touch are themselves temperature sensitive. You <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> studied the ion relaxation dynamics in a conductive elastomeric film (see the Perspective by Liu). They show that the ion relaxation time can be used as a strain-insensitive intrinsic variable for detecting temperature and the capacitance can be used as a temperature-insensitive extrinsic variable for sensing the strain, thus decoupling the two so that their signals do not interfere with each other. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6519" page="961" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba5132">961</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6519" page="910" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abe7366">910</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A soft touch</jats:title> <jats:p> Measuring the force it takes for a hand to grasp an object requires sensors to be placed on the fingertips, but these sensors will interfere with or affect how much force ends up being applied. Lee <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> developed a nanomesh sensor built from a series of electrospun materials (see the Perspective by Liu). Using a robotic tester, they show that this device can repeatably detect the pressure involved in gripping an object. They also show that the sensors can be attached to human fingers and that this does not affect the force used to grasp an object. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6519" page="966" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc9735">966</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6519" page="910" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abe7366">910</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A relic star cluster under the floor</jats:title> <jats:p> Globular clusters (GCs) are gravitationally bound assemblies of thousands to millions of stars that orbit in the outskirts of large galaxies. GCs consist of old stars with low metallicity containing low proportions of chemical elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. However, GCs appear to have a minimum metallicity, known as the floor, implying that at least some of those elements were required for their formation. Larsen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> have found a GC in the nearby Andromeda Galaxy with a metallicity beneath the floor. This unexpected discovery will inform models of GC formation and incorporation into galaxies. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6519" page="970" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370">970</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Prospecting for antifungal molecules</jats:title> <jats:p> Marine bacteria produce a plethora of natural products that often have unusual chemical structures and corresponding reactivity, which sometimes translate into a valuable biological function. Zhang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used a metabolomic screen to zero in on microbial strains from the microbiome of a sea squirt that produces a high diversity of chemical structures. They then screened these molecules for inhibition of fungi (see the Perspective by Cowen). A polycyclic molecule dubbed turbinmicin possessed potent antifungal activity against the multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens <jats:italic>Candida auris</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</jats:italic> . Preliminary mechanism-of-action and mouse toxicity studies suggest that this molecule works though a fungus-specific pathway and is well tolerated at therapeutic doses. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6519" page="974" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abd6919">974</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6519" page="906" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abf1675">906</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Liquid-liquid transitions under pressure</jats:title> <jats:p> Theoretical simulations suggest that deeply supercooled water undergoes a transition between high- and low-density forms, but this transition is difficult to study experimentally because it occurs under conditions in which ice crystallization is extremely rapid. Kim <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> combined x-ray lasers for rapid structure determination with infrared femtosecond pulses for rapid heating of amorphous ice layers formed at about 200 kelvin. The heating process created high-density liquid water at increased pressures. As the layer expanded and decompressed, low-density liquid domains appeared and grew on time scales between 20 nanoseconds and 3 microseconds, which was much faster than competing ice crystallization. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6519" page="978" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370">978</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Finding the Emperor's head</jats:title> <jats:p> Volcanic island and seamount chains form from deep-seated plumes of hot material upwelling through the mantle. The most famous of these is the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain. However, a large volcanic structure associated with a plume head that should precede the chain has long been missing. Wei <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> finally identified the likely location of this structure in the mantle under eastern Russia. The structure was likely subducted 20 million to 30 million years ago, and the location helps constrain several geodynamic processes. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6519" page="983" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370">983</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Cells and the path of least resistance</jats:title> <jats:p> For processes encompassing proper embryonic development, adult homeostasis, tumor cell dissemination, and immunity, certain cells must translocate from their site of origin. Migrating cells navigate physical features of their microenvironment; however, the in vivo importance of tissue topography for pathfinding is mostly unknown. Studying fruit flies, Dai <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used border cells within the ovarian egg chamber to study path selection. Live imaging, genetics, mathematical modeling, and simulations showed that tissue microtopography provides an energetically favorable path of least resistance, whereas chemoattractants supply orthogonal guidance information and cell-cell adhesion contributes traction. The results provide insight into how cells integrate and prioritize topographical, adhesive, and chemoattractant cues to choose one path among many. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6519" page="987" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370">987</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Domesticating Zika virus</jats:title> <jats:p> Why hasn't Zika virus (ZIKV) disease caused as much devastation in Africa, its continent of origin, as it has in the Americas? Outside of Africa, this flavivirus is transmitted by a ubiquitous mosquito subspecies, <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti aegypti</jats:italic> , which emerged from the African forerunner subspecies <jats:italic>A. aegypti formosus</jats:italic> and acquired a preference for human blood and a peridomestic lifestyle. Now, this subspecies colonizes many intertropical cities, aided by climate change and human trash. Aubry <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> tested 14 laboratory mosquito colonies for their relative susceptibility to ZIKV. Quantitative trait locus mapping showed differences on chromosome 2 between mosquitoes from Gabon and Guadeloupe. Mouse infection experiments revealed that African mosquitoes transmitted a smaller virus inoculum than the South American insects. Increased susceptibility coupled with the ability of <jats:italic>A. aegypti aegypti</jats:italic> to breed in any discarded object containing water has amplified the problematic nature of this virus as it has circumnavigated the world. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6519" page="991" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370">991</jats:related-article> </jats:p>