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<jats:p>Schall and Heinrichs question our interpretation that the climatic debt in understory plant communities is locally modulated by canopy buffering. However, our results clearly show that the discrepancy between microclimate warming rates and thermophilization rates is highest in forests where canopy cover was reduced, which suggests that the need for communities to respond to warming is highest in those forests.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Timing and trigger of cell polarization</jats:title> <jats:p> During mammalian embryo development, the first cell fate decision separates the progenitors of the trophectoderm (destined to form the placenta) from the inner cell mass (which forms all tissues of the embryonic and yolk sac). A key event for this first lineage segregation is the establishment of apicobasal cell polarity. This event is set to occur at a fixed developmental stage. The factors that trigger the establishment of cell polarity as well as its temporal regulation have remained unknown. Zhu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show in mouse embryos that three molecular regulators—Tfap2c, Tead4, and RhoA—are sufficient to advance the timing of cell polarization with subsequent cell fate specification and morphogenesis. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abd2703">eabd2703</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p> Zellweger <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . (Reports, 15 May 2020, p. 772) claimed that a microclimatic debt, mainly controlled by canopy buffering, evolved in European forest understories. However, their analysis is based on circularity, as they explained the sum of three components by one of these components. The response of the understory to the thermal environment is generally weak. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Taxing mental health</jats:title> <jats:p> Mental equilibrium is essential for an economically productive life in both industrialized and developing countries. Accumulating evidence shows that mental ill-health and poverty tend to be traveling partners, but which is the cause? Ridley <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> reviewed the literature on natural and controlled economic experiments involving individuals living in poverty. The authors sought to resolve the mechanisms whereby poverty triggers mental illness and how mental illness compounds poverty. Their results reveal the benefits of cash support and of low-cost therapeutic interventions for those suffering from mental illness under poverty. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay0214">eaay0214</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>CiBER-seq dissects genetic networks</jats:title> <jats:p> Cells integrate environmental signals and internal states to dynamically control gene expression. Muller <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> developed a technique to dissect this cellular logic by linking targeted, genome-wide genetic perturbations with a deep-sequencing readout that quantitatively measured the expression phenotype induced by each perturbation. The method, dubbed CiBER-seq, was able to recapitulate known regulatory pathways linking protein synthesis with nutrient availability in budding yeast cells. Unexpectedly, the authors found that the cellular logic also appears to consider protein production machinery in this decision. By uncovering additional facets of this deeply conserved pathway, the findings demonstrate the utility of comprehensive and quantitative CiBER-seq profiling in mapping the gene networks underlying cellular decisions. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb9662">eabb9662</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>From phenotype to structure</jats:title> <jats:p> Much insight has come from structures of macromolecular complexes determined by methods such as crystallography or cryo–electron microscopy. However, looking at transient complexes remains challenging, as does determining structures in the context of the cellular environment. Braberg <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used an integrative approach in which they mapped the phenotypic profiles of a comprehensive set of mutants in a protein complex in the context of gene deletions or environmental perturbations (see the Perspective by Wang). By associating the similarity between phenotypic profiles with the distance between residues, they determined structures for the yeast histone H3-H4 complex, subunits Rpb1-Rpb2 of yeast RNA polymerase II, and subunits RpoB-RpoC of bacterial RNA polymerase. Comparison with known structures shows that the accuracy is comparable to structures determined based on chemical cross-links. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaz4910">eaaz4910</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6522" page="1269" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abf3863">1269</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Emergence to endemism</jats:title> <jats:p> The emergence of a devastating transmissible facial cancer among Tasmanian devils over the past few decades has caused substantial concern for their future because these animals are already threatened by a regional distribution and other stressors. Little is known about the overall history and trajectory of this disease. Patton <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used an epidemiological phylodynamic approach to reveal the pattern of disease emergence and spread. They found that low Tasmanian devil densities appear to be contributing to slower disease growth and spread, which is good news for Tasmanian devil persistence and suggests that care should be taken when considering options for increasing devil populations. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb9772">eabb9772</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Trunk formation in a dish</jats:title> <jats:p> Building mammalian embryos from self-organizing stem cells in culture would accelerate the investigation of morphogenetic and differentiation processes that shape the body plan. Veenvliet <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report a method for generating embryonic trunk-like structures (TLSs) with a neural tube, somites, and gut by embedding mouse embryonic stem cell aggregates in an extracellular matrix surrogate. Live imaging and comparative single-cell transcriptomics indicate that TLS formation is analogous to mouse development. TLSs therefore provide a scalable, tractable, and accessible high-throughput platform for decoding mammalian embryogenesis at a high level of resolution. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba4937">eaba4937</jats:related-article> </jats:p>