Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Reactivating neural crest pluripotency</jats:title> <jats:p> Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) are a transient cell group with an extraordinary differentiation potential that extends beyond its ectodermal lineage to form the majority of facial mesenchyme. Zalc <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> identified a neuroepithelial precursor population that transiently reactivates pluripotency factors to generate CNCCs. The pluripotency factor Oct4 is required for the expansion of CNCC developmental potential to form facial mesenchyme. Analysis of the chromatin landscape of Oct4 <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> CNCC precursors showed that these cells resemble those of epiblast stem cells, with additional features suggestive of future priming for neural crest programs. Thus, to expand their cellular potency, CNCC precursors undergo a natural in vivo reprogramming event. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb4776">eabb4776</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Variable memory</jats:title> <jats:p> Immune memory against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) helps to determine protection against reinfection, disease risk, and vaccine efficacy. Using 188 human cases across the range of severity of COVID-19, Dan <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> analyzed cross-sectional data describing the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 memory B cells, CD8 <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells, and CD4 <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells for more than 6 months after infection. The authors found a high degree of heterogeneity in the magnitude of adaptive immune responses that persisted into the immune memory phase to the virus. However, immune memory in three immunological compartments remained measurable in greater than 90% of subjects for more than 5 months after infection. Despite the heterogeneity of immune responses, these results show that durable immunity against secondary COVID-19 disease is a possibility for most individuals. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abf4063">eabf4063</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>The makings of anisosomes</jats:title> <jats:p> Phase separation of proteins within the cell can produce a liquid-inside-a-liquid phase resembling oil droplets in water. Yu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> now report that an RNA-binding protein called TDP-43, in which mutation and aggregation are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, phase separates into complex droplets, which they named anisosomes. This process occurred when TDP-43 lost its ability to bind RNA through disease-causing mutation or posttranslational acetylation. Anisosomes have spherical shells of TDP-43 (with properties of a liquid crystal) surrounding centers of the protein chaperone HSP70. Chaperone activity was required to maintain liquidity. Anisosomes formed in neurons in vivo when proteasome activity was inhibited and were converted into aggregates when adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels fell. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb4309">eabb4309</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>An anthropogenic cacophony</jats:title> <jats:p> Sound travels faster and farther in water than in air. Over evolutionary time, many marine organisms have come to rely on sound production, transmission, and reception for key aspects of their lives. These important behaviors are threatened by an increasing cacophony in the marine environment as human-produced sounds have become louder and more prevalent. Duarte <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> review the importance of biologically produced sounds and the ways in which anthropogenically produced sounds are affecting the marine soundscape. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba4658">eaba4658</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Phylogenetics of superspreading</jats:title> <jats:p> One important characteristic of coronavirus epidemiology is the occurrence of superspreading events. These are marked by a disproportionate number of cases originating from often-times asymptomatic individuals. Using a rich sequence dataset from the early stages of the Boston outbreak, Lemieux <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> identified superspreading events in specific settings and analyzed them phylogenetically (see the Perspective by Alizon). Using ancestral trait inference, the authors identified several importation events, further investigated the context and contribution of particular superspreading events to the establishment of local and wider SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and used viral phylogenies to describe sustained transmission. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abe3261">eabe3261</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6529" page="574" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="371" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abg0100">574</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p> This week, <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> celebrates the impending 20th anniversary of the publication of the draft human genome sequence—a landmark achievement by any measure. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS, the publisher of <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> ) also looks forward to next week's annual meeting, whose theme is “Understanding Dynamic Ecosystems.” At first glance, these two events may seem unrelated. But the successful completion of the human genome sequence ushered in biology's era of “big science” and created a research ecosystem for tackling complex, technology-driven, and data-intensive multidisciplinary projects that continue to improve our understanding of cancer, the microbiome, the brain, and other areas of biology. </jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Novavax and J&amp;J data underscore challenge of viral variants.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Some say the country should reopen—even if it causes cases to surge—once vulnerable populations are vaccinated.</jats:p>