Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Fanconi Cross-Links</jats:title> <jats:p> Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic disease characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities, and dramatically increased cancer susceptibility. Cells derived from Fanconi anemia patients are sensitive to agents that cause DNA interstrand cross-links, indicating that under normal circumstances the Fanconi pathway controls the repair of these DNA lesions. <jats:bold> Knipscheer <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1698" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="326" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1182372">1698</jats:related-article> , published online 12 November) found that two Fanconi anemia proteins, FANCI and FANCD2, promoted the DNA replication–coupled repair of interstrand cross-links in cell extracts. The FANCI-FANCD2 complex was required for the incisions that unhook the cross-link and for the insertion of a nucleotide across from the damaged template base during lesion bypass. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Cheaper Cooperation</jats:title> <jats:p> In the context of public goods games in which optimal benefit is achieved when all participants contribute, bad behavior cannot always be deterred by direct punishment, and has the added disadvantage that the punisher may suffer a cost. Alternatively, instead of punishment, rewarding those who contribute can be effective in encouraging and maintaining widespread cooperation, with the added plus that group benefits are not diminished by the costs of punishment. But <jats:bold> Ule <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1701" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="326" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1178883">1701</jats:related-article> ) discovered experimentally that if someone is treated depending on how they have behaved in previous interactions, retaining the option to occasionally apply punishment shifts the payouts to favor cooperators more than defectors. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Local Selection of Magic Traits</jats:title> <jats:p> Ecological interactions can favor specialization, and sexual selection can induce reproductive isolation; however, these processes are insufficient by themselves to create new species. They must act in concert and on the same set of genes. <jats:bold> Van Doorn <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1704" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="326" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1181661">1704</jats:related-article> , published online 26 November; see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="5960" page="1639" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="326" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1184680">Mank</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ) present a theoretical model that shows that within a larger population the evolution of mating preferences will favor sexual ornaments that indicate the degree of adaptation to the local ecological conditions, for example, the abundant song of a male bird that can obtain food easily because it has the right bill size for the seeds in that locale. Once mate choice evolves on the basis of a signal of local adaptation, natural and sexual selection will mutually enforce each other, ultimately leading to speciation. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Solving Pseudokinases</jats:title> <jats:p> Mutations of the protein kinase LKB1 are associated with cancer in humans. Many kinases are activated by phosphorylation, but LKB1 is activated by STRADα, a pseudokinase that is similar to protein kinases and binds ATP, but does not phosphorylate substrates. By solving the crystal structure of an activating complex containing LKB, <jats:bold> Zeqiraj <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1707" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="326" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1178377">1707</jats:related-article> , published online 5 November) show that STRADα works with another protein, MO25α, to hold LKB1 in an active conformation. The results may help explain the evolutionary origin of pseudokinases, the biological roles of other pseudokinases, and the mechanisms of disease-causing mutations in LKB1. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Silent Hate</jats:title> <jats:p> A great deal of information can be communicated nonverbally. <jats:bold> Weisbuch <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1711" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="326" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1178358">1711</jats:related-article> ; see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="5960" page="1641" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="326" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1184231">Dovidio</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ) have used experimental, archival, and survey studies to find that the nonverbal communication of racial bias in popular television shows perpetuates implicit racism in viewers. A subsequent field data analysis yielded a correlation between U.S. viewer ratings and a Federal Bureau of Investigation tally of anti-black hate crimes in the same localities. </jats:p>

<jats:p>A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The show includes the year's top scientific breakthroughs and the 2009 virus of the year.</jats:p>