Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Racial bias in health algorithms</jats:title> <jats:p> The U.S. health care system uses commercial algorithms to guide health decisions. Obermeyer <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> find evidence of racial bias in one widely used algorithm, such that Black patients assigned the same level of risk by the algorithm are sicker than White patients (see the Perspective by Benjamin). The authors estimated that this racial bias reduces the number of Black patients identified for extra care by more than half. Bias occurs because the algorithm uses health costs as a proxy for health needs. Less money is spent on Black patients who have the same level of need, and the algorithm thus falsely concludes that Black patients are healthier than equally sick White patients. Reformulating the algorithm so that it no longer uses costs as a proxy for needs eliminates the racial bias in predicting who needs extra care. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6464" page="447" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax2342">447</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6464" page="421" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaz3873">421</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Close-up of human cerebellar development</jats:title> <jats:p> Early on, cerebellar development shares similarities across humans, nonhuman primates, and even mice. But differences emerge while development progresses, as cellular and molecular analyses by Haldipur <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> now reveal. The rhombic lip persists longer during cerebellar development in humans than in either the mouse or the macaque and generates a pool of neuroprogenitor cells. Similarly, the ventricular zone of the human cerebellum goes a step further than that of the mouse in developing an additional proliferative layer with outer radial glia cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed detailed similarities and differences between progenitor cells of the developing human cerebellum and neocortex. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6464" page="454" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax7526">454</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>NODs require S-palmitoylation to signal</jats:title> <jats:p> The compartmentalization of proteins within the cell is essential for their function. The addition of lipid molecules redistributes proteins to the cell surface or to membrane-bound organelles. Working in transgenic mice and in tissue cultured cells, Lu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that nucleotide oligomerization domain–like receptors 1 and 2 (NOD1 and NOD2), two proteins responsible for detecting bacterial products, required lipid modifications for their recruitment to the cell membrane and function. The specific modification, palmitoylation at a cysteine thiol, was mediated by the enzyme ZDHHC5. Loss of ZDHHC5 or removal of key modification residues in NOD1 and NOD2 abolished their function, compromising antibacterial responses. Human variants of NOD2 display altered palmitoylation, which could help to explain many inflammatory conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6464" page="460" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau6391">460</jats:related-article> </jats:p>