Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>A 10,000-year transect of Roman populations</jats:title> <jats:p> Rome wasn't built (or settled) in a day. Antonio <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> performed an ancestral DNA analysis to investigate the genetic changes that occurred in Rome and central Italy from the Mesolithic into modern times. By examining 127 Roman genomes and their archaeological context, the authors demonstrate a major ancestry shift in the Neolithic between hunter gatherers and farmers. A second ancestry shift is observed in the Bronze Age, likely coinciding with trade and an increased movement of populations. Genetic changes track the historical changes occurring in Rome and reflect gene flow from across the Mediterranean, Europe, and North Africa over time. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6466" page="708" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay6826">708</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Seeing double can be a good thing</jats:title> <jats:p> Many human breast cancers harbor activating mutations in <jats:italic>PIK3CA</jats:italic> , the gene coding for the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of PI3K inhibitors in cancer patients. Vasan <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found unexpectedly that a subset of breast cancers harbor not one—but two— <jats:italic>PIK3CA</jats:italic> mutations, and the mutations occur on the same allele (see the Perspective by Toker). In model systems, the double mutations hyperactivate PI3K signaling and enhance tumor growth. Preliminary analysis of clinical trial data suggests that breast cancers with double mutations are more responsive to PI3K inhibitors than those with a single mutation. <jats:italic>PIK3CA</jats:italic> mutational status could help identify the breast cancer patients most likely to benefit from these drugs. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6466" page="714" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw9032">714</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6466" page="685" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaz4016">685</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title> A shifting lifetime for NO <jats:sub> <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub> </jats:title> <jats:p> Nitrogen oxides (NO <jats:sub> <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub> ) have a central role in controlling air quality, so designing effective strategies to combat air pollution, especially by ozone and particulate matter, depends on knowing their atmospheric abundances. Those abundances depend not only on NO <jats:sub> <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub> production rates but also on their lifetimes. Laughner and Cohen report that NO <jats:sub> <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub> lifetimes can be measured directly from satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide. They used data on 49 North American cities to show how NO <jats:sub> <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub> lifetimes there changed between 2005 and 2014. Accounting for this change in lifetime should help to reconcile conflicting trends between bottom-up and top-down emissions estimates. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6466" page="723" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax6832">723</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Inducing optical spin-orbit coupling</jats:title> <jats:p> The coupling of the spin-orbit interactions in solid-state systems can give rise to a wide range of exotic electronic transport effects. But solid-state systems tend to be somewhat limited in their flexibility because the spin-orbit coupling is fixed. By contrast, optical systems have recently been shown to mimic complex solid-state systems, with flexibility in design providing the ability to control and manipulate the system properties. Using a liquid crystal–filled photonic cavity, Rechcińska <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> emulated an artificial Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling in a photonic system and showed control of an artificial Zeeman splitting. The results illustrate a powerful approach of engineering synthetic Hamiltonians with photons for the simulation of nontrivial condensed matter and quantum phenomena. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6466" page="727" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay4182">727</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Ancient DNA informs on past cultures</jats:title> <jats:p> Archaeology has used analysis of the artifacts and remains of people to uncover their past behaviors and to infer their cultural practices. However, establishing genetic relationships has only recently become possible. Mittnik <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examined the kinship and inheritance of the remains of people from the German Lech River Valley over a time period spanning the Late Neolithic Corded Ware Culture, the Bell Beaker Complex, the Early Bronze Age, and the Middle Bronze Age (see the Perspective by Feinman and Neitzel). From genetic and archaeological analyses, it was revealed that the Early Bronze Age household's burials over multiple generations consisted of a high-status core family and unrelated low-status individuals. Furthermore, women were not related to the men within the household, suggesting that men stayed within their birth communities in this society, but women did not. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6466" page="731" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax6219">731</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6466" page="682" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaz6574">682</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Skeletal muscle during homeostasis</jats:title> <jats:p> Muscle stem cells function in the regeneration of skeletal muscle after injury, but their role in homeostasis is unclear. De Morree <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that, in the absence of injury, stem cells in different muscles have different rates of spontaneous activation and fusion, which depend on the level of Pax3 protein (see the Perspective by Xi and Pyle). Regulation of Pax3 protein occurs posttranscriptionally through the small nucleolar RNA U1 and microRNA miR206. This work explains how muscle stem cells are maintained under normal conditions and shows that homeostatic muscle stem cell activation varies in different muscle groups. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6466" page="734" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax1694">734</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6466" page="684" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="366" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaz4859">684</jats:related-article> </jats:p>