Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Presurgical immune checkpoint blockade</jats:title> <jats:p> Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy using antibodies that inhibit the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) pathways has resulted in unprecedented clinical outcomes for certain cancers such as melanoma. Topalian <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> review advances in neoadjuvant (presurgical) immunotherapy as an important next step for enhancing the response of early-stage tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. They highlight the mechanistic rationale for neoadjuvant immunotherapy and recent neoadjuvant clinical trials based on anti–PD-1 or anti–PD-1 ligand 1 (anti–PD-L1) therapy. Pathological assessment criteria that may provide early on-treatment biomarkers to predict patient response are also discussed. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax0182">eaax0182</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>ER regulates stress granule fission</jats:title> <jats:p> A hallmark of eukaryotic cells is the ability to compartmentalize essential reactions into membrane-bound and membraneless organelles. Membrane-bound organelles form networks through transport vesicles and interorganellar contact sites. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as a network hub and forms physical connections with nearly every membrane-bound organelle. Lee <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> now identify another class of ER contact sites that appear to help regulate the biogenesis and fission of membraneless ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules (see the Perspective by Kornmann and Weis). Live-cell fluorescence microscopy of human cells revealed that ER tubule dynamics are spatially and temporally coupled to the fission site of two types of RNP granules, processing bodies (P-bodies) and stress granules. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay7108">eaay7108</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6477" page="507" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="367" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba3771">507</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Monosomes translate proteins in neurons</jats:title> <jats:p> Like all other cells, neurons use different proteins to process information and respond to stimuli. To meet the huge demands for new proteins in their large and complex cell volume, neurons have moved the protein templates—messenger RNAs (mRNAs)—and the protein synthesis machines—ribosomes—out to synapses to make proteins locally. During protein synthesis, multiple ribosomes can form a structure known as a polysome, which produces multiple protein copies from a single mRNA. Working in rodent preparations, Biever <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that solitary, mRNA-associated ribosomes, or monosomes, are a substantial source of proteins in neuronal processes. Many synaptic proteins are made on single ribosomes, which may solve the problem of limited space in tiny synaptic compartments. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay4991">eaay4991</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p> In February, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS, the publisher of <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> ) and the scientific community will come together in Seattle, Washington, for the 2020 AAAS annual meeting under the theme of <jats:italic>Envisioning Tomorrow's Earth.</jats:italic> This convergence of a vast geographically dispersed community comes at a time of great opportunity and challenge. </jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>