Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>CRISPR takes first steps in humans</jats:title> <jats:p> CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene-editing technology that offers the potential to treat diseases such as cancer, but the effects of CRISPR in patients are currently unknown. Stadtmauer <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report a phase 1 clinical trial to assess the safety and feasibility of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in three patients with advanced cancer (see the Perspective by Hamilton and Doudna). They removed immune cells called T lymphocytes from patients and used CRISPR-Cas9 to disrupt three genes ( <jats:italic>TRAC, TRBC</jats:italic> , and <jats:italic>PDCD1</jats:italic> ) with the goal of improving antitumor immunity. A cancer-targeting transgene, NY-ESO-1, was also introduced to recognize tumors. The engineered cells were administered to patients and were well tolerated, with durable engraftment observed for the study duration. These encouraging observations pave the way for future trials to study CRISPR-engineered cancer immunotherapies. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba7365">eaba7365</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6481" page="976" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="367" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba9844">976</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Examining Arrokoth</jats:title> <jats:p> The New Horizons spacecraft flew past the Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth (also known as 2014 MU <jats:sub>69</jats:sub> ) in January 2019. Because of the great distance to the outer Solar System and limited bandwidth, it will take until late 2020 to downlink all the spacecraft's observations back to Earth. Three papers in this issue analyze recently downlinked data, including the highest-resolution images taken during the encounter (see the Perspective by Jewitt). Spencer <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examined Arrokoth's geology and geophysics using stereo imaging, dated the surface using impact craters, and produced a geomorphological map. Grundy <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> investigated the composition of the surface using color imaging and spectroscopic data and assessed Arrokoth's thermal emission using microwave radiometry. McKinnon <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used simulations to determine how Arrokoth formed: Two gravitationally bound objects gently spiraled together during the formation of the Solar System. Together, these papers determine the age, composition, and formation process of the most pristine object yet visited by a spacecraft. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay3999">eaay3999</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay3705">eaay3705</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay6620">eaay6620</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6481" page="980" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="367" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba6889">980</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Examining Arrokoth</jats:title> <jats:p> The New Horizons spacecraft flew past the Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth (also known as 2014 MU <jats:sub>69</jats:sub> ) in January 2019. Because of the great distance to the outer Solar System and limited bandwidth, it will take until late 2020 to downlink all the spacecraft's observations back to Earth. Three papers in this issue analyze recently downlinked data, including the highest-resolution images taken during the encounter (see the Perspective by Jewitt). Spencer <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examined Arrokoth's geology and geophysics using stereo imaging, dated the surface using impact craters, and produced a geomorphological map. Grundy <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> investigated the composition of the surface using color imaging and spectroscopic data and assessed Arrokoth's thermal emission using microwave radiometry. McKinnon <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used simulations to determine how Arrokoth formed: Two gravitationally bound objects gently spiraled together during the formation of the Solar System. Together, these papers determine the age, composition, and formation process of the most pristine object yet visited by a spacecraft. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay3999">eaay3999</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay3705">eaay3705</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay6620">eaay6620</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6481" page="980" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="367" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba6889">980</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Examining Arrokoth</jats:title> <jats:p> The New Horizons spacecraft flew past the Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth (also known as 2014 MU <jats:sub>69</jats:sub> ) in January 2019. Because of the great distance to the outer Solar System and limited bandwidth, it will take until late 2020 to downlink all the spacecraft's observations back to Earth. Three papers in this issue analyze recently downlinked data, including the highest-resolution images taken during the encounter (see the Perspective by Jewitt). Spencer <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examined Arrokoth's geology and geophysics using stereo imaging, dated the surface using impact craters, and produced a geomorphological map. Grundy <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> investigated the composition of the surface using color imaging and spectroscopic data and assessed Arrokoth's thermal emission using microwave radiometry. McKinnon <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used simulations to determine how Arrokoth formed: Two gravitationally bound objects gently spiraled together during the formation of the Solar System. Together, these papers determine the age, composition, and formation process of the most pristine object yet visited by a spacecraft. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay3999">eaay3999</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay3705">eaay3705</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay6620">eaay6620</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6481" page="980" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="367" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba6889">980</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Mouse mothers transfer metabolic mode</jats:title> <jats:p> Obesity and metabolic diseases tend to go together, and humans who become obese are also prone to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular problems. Starting with the observation that offspring of germ-free mice tended to become obese on high-fat diets, Kimura <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> investigated how the presence of the microbiota might be protective in mice (see the Perspective by Ferguson). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from the microbiota are known to suppress insulin signaling and reduce fat deposition in adipocytes. Further experiments showed that SCFAs in the bloodstream were able to pass from a non–germ-free mother's gut microbiota across the placenta and into the developing embryos. The authors found that in the embryos, the SCFA propionate mediates not only insulin levels through GPR43 signaling but also sympathetic nervous system development through GPR41 signaling. A high-fiber diet promoted propionate production from the maternal microbiota, and maternal antibiotic treatment resulted in obese-prone offspring. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw8429">eaaw8429</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6481" page="978" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="367" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba7673">978</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>“Without freedom of speech there is no modern world, just a barbaric one.” These words from China's most famous artist and activist, Ai Weiwei, have never been more important. Ai Weiwei would probably agree that China's actions in the coronavirus crisis require the voice of the scientific community, and he wouldn't be surprised that getting folks to say something has been a challenge.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The virus seems unstoppable, but mitigating its speed and impact is possible.</jats:p>

<jats:p>COVID-19 has upended the ways researchers share findings and collaborate.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Darkening the orbiters could limit damaging light trails in wide-field images from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.</jats:p>