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<jats:p>On 28 April 2011, China’s state statistics bureau released its first report on the country’s 2010 population census. The report states that the total population of mainland China reached 1.3397 billion in 2010, with an annual average population growth rate of 0.57% during the previous 10 years. The share of the total population aged 0 to 14 declined from 22.9% in 2000 to 16.6% in 2010, whereas the proportion aged 65 and above grew from 7.0% to 8.9% during the same period. This indicates that China’s population is aging rapidly. The report also shows that China is urbanizing, with nearly half of the population—665.57 million people, or 49.7%—living in urban areas, an increase of 13 percentage points over the 2000 figure. Moreover, about 260 million Chinese people are living away from where they are formally registered, and the overwhelming majority of them (about 220 million) are rural migrants living and working in urban areas but without formal urban household registration status. China is at a demographic turning point: It is changing from an agricultural society into an urban one, from a young society to an old one, and from a society attached to the land to one that is very much on the move.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Almost universally, women with higher levels of education have fewer children. Better education is associated with lower mortality, better health, and different migration patterns. Hence, the global population outlook depends greatly on further progress in education, particularly of young women. By 2050, the highest and lowest education scenarios—assuming identical education-specific fertility rates—result in world population sizes of 8.9 and 10.0 billion, respectively. Better education also matters for human development, including health, economic growth, and democracy. Existing methods of multi-state demography can quantitatively integrate education into standard demographic analysis, thus adding the “quality” dimension.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Technological changes and improved electronic communications seem, paradoxically, to be making cities more, rather than less, important. There is a strong correlation between urbanization and economic development across countries, and within-country evidence suggests that productivity rises in dense agglomerations. But urban economic advantages are often offset by the perennial urban curses of crime, congestion and contagious disease. The past history of the developed world suggests that these problems require more capable governments that use a combination of economic and engineering solutions. Though the scope of urban challenges can make remaining rural seem attractive, agrarian poverty has typically also been quite costly.</jats:p>

<jats:p>People with dyslexia have more difficulty than expected in recognizing familiar voices.</jats:p>

<jats:p> An analysis of protein-protein interactions in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> identifies the plant interactome. </jats:p>

<jats:p> An analysis of protein-protein interactions in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> identifies the plant interactome. </jats:p>

<jats:p>Otherwise identical regions of supported graphene can be distinguished by changes in friction with sliding direction.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Carefully chosen carbon substituents stabilize a boron oxidation state that bears an extra electron pair.</jats:p>

<jats:p> An open-cage derivative of C <jats:sub>60</jats:sub> was filled with one water molecule and then restored to its original closed framework. </jats:p>

<jats:p>Climate change has decreased global maize and wheat production, while soybean and rice production have remained stable.</jats:p>