Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Extracting Spatial Information</jats:title> <jats:p> The location of a rat can be deciphered from hippocampal activity by detecting the firing of individual place-selective neurons. In contrast, the local field potential (LFP), which arises from the coherent voltage fluctuations of large hippocampal cell populations, has been hard to decode. <jats:bold> Agarwal <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6184" page="626" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1250444">626</jats:related-article> ) worked out how to recover positional information exclusively from multiple-site LFP measurements in the rat hippocampus. The information was as precise as that derived from spiking place cells. The approach might also be applicable more generally for deciphering information from coherent population activity anywhere in the brain. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Help the Aged</jats:title> <jats:p> Muscle function declines with age, as does neurogenesis in certain brain regions. Two teams analyzed the effects of heterochronic parabiosis in mice. <jats:bold> Sinha <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6184" page="649" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1251152">649</jats:related-article> ) found that when an aged mouse shares a circulatory system with a youthful mouse, the aged mouse sees improved muscle function, and <jats:bold> Katsimpardi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6184" page="630" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1251141">630</jats:related-article> ) observed increased generation of olfactory neurons. In both cases, Growth Differentiation Factor 11 appeared to be one of the key components of the young blood. </jats:p>

<jats:title>One Swell Ion Channel</jats:title> <jats:p> When mammalian cells are faced with osmotic challenges, they need to swell or shrink. The molecular characterization of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) remains unknown, although many candidate proteins have been proposed. <jats:bold> Voss <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6184" page="634" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1252826">634</jats:related-article> , published online 10 April; see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6184" page="585" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1254591">Mindell</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ) used a genome-wide screen to identify a group of leucine-rich repeat–containing (LRRC) proteins necessary for forming VRAC. Suppression of LRRC8A nearly eliminated the presence of VRAC in mammalian cells. A heterooligomer of LRRC proteins appears to form VRAC. Identification of VRAC components is an essential step forward in the understanding of swelling-activated ion channels and provides opportunities for understanding both the mechanism of the channel and its role in physiology. </jats:p>

<jats:title>One Hormone, Two Phases</jats:title> <jats:p> The switch from vegetative growth to flowering in the plant <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> involves two phases—inflorescence branching and flowering. <jats:bold> Yamaguchi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6184" page="638" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1250498">638</jats:related-article> ) examined how the phytohormone gibberellin regulates each phase differently. First, gibberellin levels increase and stimulate production of key flowering factors, one of which degrades gibberellin. As gibberellin levels then fall, the next phase of flowering factors is released from gibberellin repression. By regulating inflorescence branching separately from flowering, this system determines overall seed yield. </jats:p>

<jats:title>T Cells for Epithelial Tumors</jats:title> <jats:p> Malignant tumors harbor genetic alterations. Recently, adoptive T cell therapies have taken advantage of this: T cells specific for mutations in tumors are infused into patients to generate an antitumor immune response. Although therapeutic benefit has been seen for melanomas, effectiveness against more common epithelial tumors is unclear. Using whole-exome sequencing, <jats:bold> Tran <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6184" page="641" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1251102">641</jats:related-article> ) identified tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells specific for a mutated antigen expressed by a tumor from a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. Infusion of this patient with an expanded-population, mutation-specific T cell resulted in tumor regression and stabilization of disease. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Gata6 Controls Peritoneal Macs</jats:title> <jats:p> Macrophages seed tissues throughout the body and are shaped both phenotypically and functionally by the microenvironment they inhabit. Despite such heterogeneity, most tissue macrophages self-renew by local proliferation. How this is regulated, however, is unclear. <jats:bold> Rosas <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6184" page="645" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1251414">645</jats:related-article> , published online 24 April) used gene expression analysis to show that the transcription factor Gata6 is specifically expressed in peritoneal macrophages. Gata6 was critical for maintaining the transcriptional signature of peritoneal macrophages and for their proliferative renewal during homeostasis and under inflammatory conditions. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Help the Aged</jats:title> <jats:p> Muscle function declines with age, as does neurogenesis in certain brain regions. Two teams analyzed the effects of heterochronic parabiosis in mice. <jats:bold> Sinha <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6184" page="649" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1251152">649</jats:related-article> ) found that when an aged mouse shares a circulatory system with a youthful mouse, the aged mouse sees improved muscle function, and <jats:bold> Katsimpardi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6184" page="630" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="344" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1251141">630</jats:related-article> ) observed increased generation of olfactory neurons. In both cases, Growth Differentiation Factor 11 appeared to be one of the key components of the young blood. </jats:p>

<jats:p>A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.</jats:p>

<jats:p>On this week's show: marine archaeology and a roundup of stories from our daily news site.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Unprecedented advances have been made in the speed and throughput of next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms over the last decade. This progress has imposed increasingly high demands on the bioinformatics tools necessary for analysis of the data generated, which has grown exponentially. Although hundreds of thousands of samples have been sequenced, our ability to find, associate, and implicate genetic variants and candidate disease genes far outstrips our ability to understand them. Many researchers are comfortable with NGS technology, but encounter difficulties with the bioinformatics portion of their workflow, rendering NGS a less attractive option as their primary sequencing platform. However, once clear bioinformatics procedures are established and optimized this bottleneck can be removed, resulting in smooth and routine data interpretation processes and expedited research discoveries. During this webinar, our expert speakers will discuss their bioinformatics strategies and applications in range of fields of clinical research.</jats:p>