Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Activating a receptor to excite a neuron</jats:title> <jats:p> Transmitting signals between nerve cells, occuring at structures known as synapses, is critical to processes such as learning and memory. Fast transmission occurs when glutamate is released from a presynaptic neuron and binds to ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) in the cell membrane of a postsynaptic neuron. The iGluR contains an ion channel that is transiently opened, to activate the postsynaptic neuron, but then closes rapidly. Chen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> and Yelshanskaya <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report crystal structures in a range of conformations that together provide insight into how glutamate binding causes the channel to open and how other molecules that bind to the receptor modulate this. The information could aid in the design of drugs to treat cognitive impairment or seizure disorders </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="1021" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1258409">1021</jats:related-article> and p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="1070" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1256508">1070</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Catching changing boron coordination</jats:title> <jats:p> Laboratory glassware and kitchen cookware alike are made of glass that contains different cations, including boron, sodium, and aluminum. Properties of glass depend on the number and location of oxygen atoms surrounding each cation. Edwards <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> combine nuclear magnetic resonance measurements with theoretical calculations to understand structural transformations in borosilicate glass (see the Perspective by Youngman). Boron atoms in planar threefold coordination move out of plane with increasing pressure to form trigonal pyramids. Identification of this type of transition state connects structural evolution with stress-induced processes in amorphous materials. In borosilicate glass, the transition leads to the formation of tetrahedral fourfold-coordinated boron that tunes glass properties for use in numerous applications. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="1027" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1256224">1027</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="998" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1258785">998</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Distance score settled for Seven Sisters</jats:title> <jats:p> Most of us have seen the Pleiades star cluster in the night sky, one of the few groups of physically related stars that are separately visible to the naked eye. In spite of its proximity to us, its distance has been disputed. Melis <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> settle the controversy with astrometric measurements from radio interferometry that reveal a distance of 136.2 parsecs (see the Perspective by Girardi). Other methods yielded similar values, but the trusted astrometry satellite Hipparcos measured only 120.2 parsecs. The new result alleviates the concern that astronomers would need to adjust their stellar evolution models to align with the Hipparcos distance. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="1029" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1256101">1029</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="1001" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1258425">1001</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A cosmic dust storm that came and went</jats:title> <jats:p> Unseen planets may still kick up a lot of dust. While rocky exoplanets finish their growth, destructive collisions among them throw off clouds of fine debris that shine bright in the infrared. Meng <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> monitored the star ID8 with the <jats:italic>Spitzer</jats:italic> Space Telescope and observed a rapid thermal flareup and fadeout within only 2 years. This modulation is consistent with recent collisions among its orbiting protoplanets. Such dynamic variations in presumed planet-forming systems encourage more studies that exploit the real-time changes. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="1032" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1255153">1032</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Making a superfluid lithium mixture</jats:title> <jats:p> At some of the coldest temperatures achieved in the laboratory, researchers can coax dilute gases of atoms into becoming a superfluid, with the whole gas behaving as one entity. Bosonic atoms, which like to congregate in one state, achieve this willingly. Fermions, which effectively repel each other, require more persuasion. Ferrier-Barbut <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> made a superfluid mixture of two gases, one made up of bosons and one of fermions. They used two isotopes of lithium, fermionic <jats:sup>6</jats:sup> Li and bosonic <jats:sup>7</jats:sup> Li. When they made the mixture oscillate, the two components took turns feeding energy into each other. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="1035" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1255380">1035</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Strong yet creeping megathrust faults</jats:title> <jats:p>Powerful faults in subduction zones, called “megathrust faults,” produce the largest earthquakes on Earth. Gao and Wang use heat flow data to show that when the faults subduct jagged sea floor, they generate tamer earthquakes than do faults that subduct smooth sea floor. The rugged sea floor brings irregularities into the fault that cause it to deform slowly over time, which results in a comparatively higher fault strength and lower seismicity. The finding has a direct impact on assessing regional earthquake and tsunami hazards.</jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="1038" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1255487">1038</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Cost-effective conservation on private land</jats:title> <jats:p> How affordable is biodiversity conservation in a fragmented landscape? Banks-Leite <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> asked this question for the biodiversity hotspot of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. An annual investment of &lt;10% of Brazil's agricultural subsidies could support effective ecological restoration on private lands. This would increase biodiversity in set-aside land to the same level observed in protected areas. The cost-effectiveness of this scheme suggests a path forward for conservation strategies in other similarly mixed landscapes, too. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="1041" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1255768">1041</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>El Niño shifted between the center and the East</jats:title> <jats:p> El Niño has changed quite a bit over the past 10,000 years. During some periods it was less variable than now, and during others it shifted from its current locale toward the central Pacific. Carré <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> analyzed the shells of mollusks from Peru to construct a record of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the eastern Pacific over the Holocene period. They compared this record with other records from the rest of the Pacific to reveal how much the strength and frequency of El Niños changed and how their positions varied. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="1045" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1252220">1045</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Signature microbes follow you from house to house</jats:title> <jats:p> Householders share more than habitation; they also share inhabitants. In a diverse sample of U.S. homes, Lax <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that people and animals sharing homes shared their microbial communities (microbiota) too, probably because of skin shedding and hand and foot contamination. When families moved, their microbiological “aura” followed. If one person left the home even for a few days, their contribution to the microbiome diminished. These findings have implications not only for household identity and composition, but also for indicators of the members' health and well-being. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6200" page="1048" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="345" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1254529">1048</jats:related-article> </jats:p>