Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Measuring consumption and wealth remotely</jats:title><jats:p>Nighttime lighting is a rough proxy for economic wealth, and nighttime maps of the world show that many developing countries are sparsely illuminated. Jean<jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic>combined nighttime maps with high-resolution daytime satellite images (see the Perspective by Blumenstock). With a bit of machine-learning wizardry, the combined images can be converted into accurate estimates of household consumption and assets, both of which are hard to measure in poorer countries. Furthermore, the night- and day-time data are publicly available and nonproprietary.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Science</jats:italic>, this issue p.<jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6301" page="790" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="353" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaf7894">790</jats:related-article>; see also p.<jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6301" page="753" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="353" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aah5217">753</jats:related-article></jats:p>

<jats:title>To thermalize, or not to thermalize?</jats:title> <jats:p> Intuition tells us that an isolated physical system subjected to a sudden change (i.e., quenching) will evolve in a way that maximizes its entropy. If the system is in a pure, zero-entropy quantum state, it is expected to remain so even after quenching. How do we then reconcile statistical mechanics with quantum laws? To address this question, Kaufman <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used their quantum microscope to study strings of six rubidium atoms confined in the wells of an optical lattice (see the Perspective by Polkovnikov and Sels). When tunneling along the strings was suddenly switched on, the strings as a whole remained in a pure state, but smaller subsets of two or three atoms conformed to a thermal distribution. The force driving the thermalization was quantum entanglement. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6301" page="794" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="353" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaf6725">794</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6301" page="752" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="353" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aah5776">752</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Unlinking erosion from uplift in Tibet</jats:title> <jats:p> Conventional wisdom suggests that the locations of gorges or “knickpoints” along the edges of large plateaus remain fixed because erosion drives tectonic uplift. Nowhere should this be more evident than the rapidly uplifting and eroding Tibetan plateau. However, King <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found evidence for slow migration of a major knickpoint along the Parlung River in eastern Tibet. They used a new method with exceptional time resolution for determining regional cooling rates called multi–OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) thermochronology. It appears that the Parlung knickpoint is steadily moving upstream as a response to tectonic uplift that is unrelated to the local erosion rates. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6301" page="800" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="353" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaf2637">800</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Carbon sieving to separate the similar</jats:title> <jats:p> Separating organic molecules, particularly those with almost equal sizes and similar physical properties, can be challenging and may require energy-intensive techniques such as freeze fractionation. Taking inspiration from reverse osmosis of aqueous fluids, Koh <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> describe the synthesis, characterization, and mass transport performance of carbon molecular sieve membranes for the separation of liquid-phase organic molecules at room temperature. This technique is capable of separating very similar isomers, such as <jats:italic>ortho</jats:italic> - and <jats:italic>para</jats:italic> -xylene, on an industrial scale. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6301" page="804" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="353" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaf1343">804</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Stop wiggling and hold that pose</jats:title> <jats:p> X-ray crystallography can be the definitive method for determining the structure and chirality of small organic molecules, but orientational disorder in the crystal can limit its resolution. Lee <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used a chiral metal-organic framework containing formate ligands that can bind and align molecules covalently to reduce this motion (see the Perspective by Öhrström). The structure and absolute configuration—i.e., which spatial arrangement of atoms is the <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S</jats:italic> isomer—of several organic molecules can thus be measured. These range from small molecules, such as methanol, to complex plant hormones, such as gibberellins that have eight stereocenters or jasmonic acid, whose absolute configuration had not previously been directly established. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6301" page="808" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="353" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaf9135">808</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6301" page="754" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="353" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aah5367">754</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>In many species, embryos can perceive and learn external sounds. Yet, the possibility that parents may use these embryonic capacities to alter their offspring’s developmental trajectories has not been considered. Here, we demonstrate that zebra finch parents acoustically signal high ambient temperatures (above 26°C) to their embryos. We show that exposure of embryos to these acoustic cues alone adaptively alters subsequent nestling begging and growth in response to nest temperature and influences individuals’ reproductive success and thermal preferences as adults. These findings have implications for our understanding of maternal effects, phenotypic plasticity, developmental programming, and the adaptation of endothermic species to a warming world.</jats:p>