Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Pattern formation in the brain</jats:title> <jats:p> Neurons in the developing brain cooperate to build circuits. Mountoufaris <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that ∼50 variable protocadherin genes support a combinatorial identity code that allows millions of olfactory neuron axons to sort into ∼2000 glomeruli. Sharing olfactory receptors drives axons to one glomerulus, and protocadherin diversity allows the multiple axons to touch each other as they converge. On the other hand, Chen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that a single C-type protocadherin underlies the tiled distribution of serotonergic neurons throughout the central nervous system. These neurons, which share protocadherin identity, enervate broad swaths evenly without touching neighboring neurons. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="411" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aai8801">411</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="406" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal3231">406</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Pattern formation in the brain</jats:title> <jats:p> Neurons in the developing brain cooperate to build circuits. Mountoufaris <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that ∼50 variable protocadherin genes support a combinatorial identity code that allows millions of olfactory neuron axons to sort into ∼2000 glomeruli. Sharing olfactory receptors drives axons to one glomerulus, and protocadherin diversity allows the multiple axons to touch each other as they converge. On the other hand, Chen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that a single C-type protocadherin underlies the tiled distribution of serotonergic neurons throughout the central nervous system. These neurons, which share protocadherin identity, enervate broad swaths evenly without touching neighboring neurons. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="411" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aai8801">411</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="406" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal3231">406</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Zinc can compete with lithium</jats:title> <jats:p> Although lithium-based batteries are ubiquitous, there are still challenges related to their longevity and safety, as well as concerns about material availability. Aqueous rechargeable batteries based on zinc might provide an alternative, but they have been plagued by the formation of dendrites during cycling. Parker <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that when zinc is formed into three-dimensional sponges, it can be used with nickel to form primary batteries that allow for deep discharge. Alternatively, the sponges can be used to produce secondary batteries that can be cycled thousands of times and can compete with lithium ion cells. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="415" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aak9991">415</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Using quasar pairs to measure smoothness</jats:title> <jats:p> Space between galaxies is filled with a tenuous gas known as the intergalactic medium (IGM). The presence of hydrogen atoms in the IGM at different redshifts imprints a series of absorption lines in the spectra of background quasars. Rorai <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> studied pairs of closely spaced quasars and quantified how similar their absorption lines are as a function of transverse separation and redshift. They thus assessed the smoothness of the IGM on relatively small scales—several times the size of a galaxy. The results constrain interactions between galaxies and the IGM, such as heating by ultraviolet photons. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="418" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaf9346">418</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Imaging an atomic soliton train</jats:title> <jats:p> Solitons—waveforms that keep their shape as they travel—can form in various environments where waves propagate, such as optical media. In a one-dimensional tube of bosonic atoms, solitons are formed when the interaction between the atoms is suddenly switched from repulsive to attractive. This causes the atoms to clump together into a “train” of solitons. Nguyen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used a nearly nondestructive imaging technique to follow the dynamics of this train. The solitons repulsed each other and underwent collective oscillations known as breathing modes. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="422" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal3220">422</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Getting phosphorus into healthy shape</jats:title> <jats:p> ProTide therapeutics play a trick on the body, getting nucleoside analogs where they need to be by decorating them with unnatural phosphoramidates in place of ordinary phosphates. These compounds pose an unusual synthetic challenge because their configuration must be controlled at phosphorus; most methods have been refined to manipulate the geometry of carbon. DiRocco <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report a metal-free, small-molecule catalyst that attains high selectivity for nucleoside phosphoramidation by activating both reaction partners. Kinetic studies with an early prototype revealed a double role for the catalyst that inspired the rational design of a more active and selective dimeric structure. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="426" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam7936">426</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Solar heat helps harvest humidity</jats:title> <jats:p> Atmospheric humidity and droplets constitute a huge freshwater resource, especially at the low relative humidity (RH) levels typical of arid environments. Water can be adsorbed by microporous materials such as zeolites, but often, making these materials release the water requires too much energy to be practical. Kim <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used a metal-organic framework (MOF) material that has a steep increase in water uptake over a narrow RH range to harvest water, using only ambient sunlight to heat the material. They obtained 2.8 liters of water per kilogram of MOF daily at 20% RH. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="430" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam8743">430</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>When forces depend on orientation</jats:title> <jats:p> In oriented attachment, small nuclei or crystals come together to make a larger crystal, but only when complementary facets approach each other. Does this mean that there is an orientational dependence of the force between two nanocrystals? Zhang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report a delicate method to measure the van der Waals attraction between rutile TiO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanocrystals. They imaged the contact point in situ with environmental transmission electron microscopy, which allowed the interparticle distances to be measured accurately. This elucidated the relationship between the nanocrystals' orientations, surface hydrations, and interactions. The results suggest that there is enough force to generate a torque between the crystals to ensure a complementary interaction. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="434" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aah6902">434</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Sensitive and specific CRISPR diagnostics</jats:title> <jats:p> Methods are needed that can easily detect nucleic acids that signal the presence of pathogens, even at very low levels. Gootenberg <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> combined the allele-specific sensing ability of CRISPR-Cas13a with recombinase polymerase amplification methods to detect specific RNA and DNA sequences. The method successfully detected attomolar levels of Zika virus, as well as the presence of pathogenic bacteria. It could also be used to perform human genotyping from cell-free DNA. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="438" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam9321">438</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Ancient genomics of horse domestication</jats:title> <jats:p> The domestication of the horse was a seminal event in human cultural evolution. Librado <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> obtained genome sequences from 14 horses from the Bronze and Iron Ages, about 2000 to 4000 years ago, soon after domestication. They identified variants determining coat color and genes selected during the domestication process. They could also see evidence of admixture with archaic horses and the demography of the domestication process, which included the accumulation of deleterious variants. The horse appears to have undergone a different type of domestication process than animals that were domesticated simply for food. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6336" page="442" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam5298">442</jats:related-article> </jats:p>