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<jats:title>Juno swoops around giant Jupiter</jats:title> <jats:p> Jupiter is the largest and most massive planet in our solar system. NASA's Juno spacecraft arrived at Jupiter on 4 July 2016 and made its first close pass on 27 August 2016. Bolton <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> present results from Juno's flight just above the cloud tops, including images of weather in the polar regions and measurements of the magnetic and gravitational fields. Juno also used microwaves to peer below the visible surface, spotting gas welling up from the deep interior. Connerney <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> measured Jupiter's aurorae and plasma environment, both as Juno approached the planet and during its first close orbit. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="821" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal2108">821</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="826" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam5928">826</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Juno swoops around giant Jupiter</jats:title> <jats:p> Jupiter is the largest and most massive planet in our solar system. NASA's Juno spacecraft arrived at Jupiter on 4 July 2016 and made its first close pass on 27 August 2016. Bolton <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> present results from Juno's flight just above the cloud tops, including images of weather in the polar regions and measurements of the magnetic and gravitational fields. Juno also used microwaves to peer below the visible surface, spotting gas welling up from the deep interior. Connerney <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> measured Jupiter's aurorae and plasma environment, both as Juno approached the planet and during its first close orbit. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="821" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal2108">821</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="826" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam5928">826</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Enhancing quantum sensing</jats:title> <jats:p> The quantum properties of the nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect in diamond can be used as an atomic compass needle that is sensitive to tiny variations in magnetic field. Schmitt <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> and Boss <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> successfully enhanced this sensitivity by several orders of magnitude (see the Perspective by Jordan). They applied a sequence of pulses to the NV center, the timing of which was set by and compared with a highly stable oscillator. This allowed them to measure the frequency of an oscillating magnetic field (megahertz bandwidth) with submillihertz resolution. Such enhanced precision measurement could be applied, for example, to improve nuclear magnetic resonance-based imaging protocols of single molecules. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="832" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam5532">832</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="837" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam7009">837</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="802" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan1112">802</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Enhancing quantum sensing</jats:title> <jats:p> The quantum properties of the nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect in diamond can be used as an atomic compass needle that is sensitive to tiny variations in magnetic field. Schmitt <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> and Boss <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> successfully enhanced this sensitivity by several orders of magnitude (see the Perspective by Jordan). They applied a sequence of pulses to the NV center, the timing of which was set by and compared with a highly stable oscillator. This allowed them to measure the frequency of an oscillating magnetic field (megahertz bandwidth) with submillihertz resolution. Such enhanced precision measurement could be applied, for example, to improve nuclear magnetic resonance-based imaging protocols of single molecules. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="832" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam5532">832</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="837" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam7009">837</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="802" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan1112">802</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Sediments tell a tsunami story</jats:title> <jats:p> Trying to understand where major earthquakes and tsunamis might occur requires analysis of the sediments pouring into a subduction zone. Thick sediments were expected to limit earthquake and tsunami size in the Sumatran megathrust event in 2004, but the magnitude 9.2 earthquake defied expectations. Hüpers <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> analyzed sediments recovered from the Sumatran megathrust. They found evidence of sediment dehydration, which increased fault strength and allowed for the much larger earthquake to occur. Thus, models of other subduction zones, such as the Gulf of Alaska, may underestimate the maximum earthquake magnitude and tsunami risk. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="841" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal3429">841</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Flicking the Berry phase switch</jats:title> <jats:p> When an electron completes a cycle around the Dirac point (a particular location in graphene's electronic structure), the phase of its wave function changes by π. This so-called Berry phase is tricky to observe directly in solid-state measurements. Ghahari <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> built a graphene nanostructure consisting of a central region doped with positive carriers surrounded by a negatively doped background. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy revealed sudden jumps in conductivity as the external magnetic field was increased past a threshold value. The jumps occurred when electron orbits started encompassing the Dirac point, reflecting the switch of the Berry phase from zero to π. The tunability of conductivity by such minute changes in magnetic field is promising for future applications. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="845" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal0212">845</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Representing direction in the fly</jats:title> <jats:p> A population of cells called compass neurons represents a fruitfly's heading direction. Kim <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used imaging and optogenetics in behaving flies to elucidate the functional architecture of the underlying neuronal network. They observed local excitation and global inhibition between the compass neurons. The features of the network were best explained by a ring attractor network model. Until now, this hypothesized network structure has been difficult to demonstrate in a real brain. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="849" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal4835">849</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A neuronal circuit for overeating</jats:title> <jats:p>Recurrent binge eating is a common eating disorder. Zhang and van den Pol investigated an understudied brain region known as the zona incerta and found that it projects inhibitory inputs to the paraventricular thalamus, a brain region involved in suppressing feeding behavior. In mice, acute stimulation of this inhibitory projection resulted within seconds in overeating, especially high-fat food. Chronic stimulation induced persistent overeating and weight gain.</jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6340" page="853" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="356" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam7100">853</jats:related-article> </jats:p>