Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>The brain circuits of a winner</jats:title> <jats:p> Social dominance in mice depends on their history of winning in social contests. Zhou <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that this effect is mediated by neuronal projections from the thalamus to a brain region called the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Selective manipulation of synapses driven by this input revealed a causal relationship between circuit activity and mental effort–based dominance behavior. Thus, synapses in this pathway store the memory of previous winning or losing history. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="162" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aak9726">162</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Exploring structure space to understand stability</jats:title> <jats:p> Understanding the determinants of protein stability is challenging because native proteins have conformations that are optimized for function. Proteins designed without functional bias could give insight into how structure determines stability, but this requires a large sample size. Rocklin <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report a high-throughput protein design and characterization method that allows them to measure thousands of miniproteins (see the Perspective by Woolfson <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> ). Iterative rounds of design and characterization increased the design success rate from 6 to 47%, which provides insight into the balance of forces that determine protein stability. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="168" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan0693">168</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="133" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan6864">133</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A triple search for coupling reactions</jats:title> <jats:p>Coupling reactions are, in principle, good candidates for high-throughput discovery: Simply mix a diverse set of reagents and then look for products that combine two or three of their masses. In practice, however, numerous different products might have masses that are too similar to distinguish quickly. Troshin and Hartwig circumvented this problem by screening three pools of reagents in parallel that shared the same reactive functionality but differed in mass by carefully chosen increments. Specific products could then be identified in a noisy distribution by their distinctive expected mass differences across the three pools.</jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="175" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan1568">175</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Heat-loving quantum oscillations</jats:title> <jats:p> The shape of the Fermi surface in a conductor can be gleaned through quantum oscillations—periodic changes in transport properties as an external magnetic field is varied. Like most quantum properties, the phenomenon can usually be observed only at very low temperatures. Krishna Kumar <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report quantum oscillations in graphene that do not go away even at the temperature of boiling water. Although “ordinary,” low-temperature quantum oscillations die away, another oscillatory behavior sets in that is extremely robust to heating. These resilient oscillations appear only in samples in which graphene is nearly aligned with its hexagonal boron nitride substrate, indicating that they are caused by the potential of the moiré superlattice that forms in such circumstances. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="181" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal3357">181</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Is the Sun a solar-type star?</jats:title> <jats:p> The Sun's activity, including sun-spot activity, varies on an 11-year cycle driven by changes in its magnetic field. Other nearby solar-type stars have their own cycles, but the Sun does not seem to match their behavior. Strugarek <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used magnetohydrodynamic simulations to show that stellar activity periods should depend on the star's Rossby number, the ratio between the inertial and Coriolis forces. Turning to observations, they found that solar-type stars, including the Sun, follow this relation. The results advance our understanding of how stars generate their magnetic fields and confirm that the Sun is indeed a solar-type star. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="185" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal3999">185</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Plasmons probe the quantum response</jats:title> <jats:p> Electronic systems are typically considered as classical Fermi liquids, and the quantum mechanical interactions and processes are usually only accessed at very low temperatures and high magnetic fields. Lundeberg <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used tunable plasmons to probe the quantum response of the electron gas of graphene (see the Perspective by Basov and Fogler). They studied shape deformations of the Fermi surface during a plasmon oscillation, as well as many-body electronic effects. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="187" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan2735">187</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="132" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan5361">132</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Making an oxide-layered antiferromagnet</jats:title> <jats:p> Antiferromagnetism, a state of matter where ordered neighboring spins point in opposite directions, can be engineered in layered heterostructures, which affords control over their properties. Doing so in oxide heterostructures is tricky because the necessary ferromagnetism of the constituent layers may not survive thinning to nanometer thicknesses. Chen <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> overcame this materials challenge by finding and growing the right combination of substrate, magnetic, and insulating layers to engineer antiferromagnetic coupling. The resulting superlattices, consisting of alternating layers of a ferromagnetic oxide and an insulating material, exhibit layer-by-layer switching of magnetization. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="191" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aak9717">191</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Diamonds to the rescue</jats:title><jats:p>Keeping track of spin transport inside a spintronic device is challenging. Du<jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic>came up with a method involving diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, which can act like tiny, very sensitive magnetometers. The authors placed diamond nanobeams containing the NV centers in close proximity to the sample. This allowed them to measure the spin chemical potential of spin waves—so-called magnons—with nanometer resolution in the material yttrium iron garnet. Because NV centers are also sensitive to temperature, the method may be of use in spin caloritronics.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Science</jats:italic>, this issue p.<jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="195" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aak9611">195</jats:related-article></jats:p>

<jats:title>Modularity limits disturbance effects</jats:title> <jats:p> The networks that form natural, social, and technological systems are vulnerable to the spreading impacts of perturbations. Theory predicts that networks with a clustered or modular structure—where nodes within a module interact more frequently than they do with nodes in other modules—might contain a perturbation, preventing it from spreading to the entire network. Gilarranz <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> conducted experiments with networked populations of springtail ( <jats:italic>Folsomia candida</jats:italic> ) microarthropods to show that modularity limits the impact of a local extinction on neighboring nodes (see the Perspective by Sales-Pardo). In networks with high modularity, the perturbation was contained within the targeted module, and its impact did not spread to nodes beyond it. However, simulations revealed that modularity is beneficial to the network only when perturbations are present; otherwise, it hinders population growth. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="199" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal4122">199</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6347" page="128" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="357" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan8075">128</jats:related-article> </jats:p>