Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>A selective autophagy receptor identified</jats:title> <jats:p> Autophagosomes engulf and degrade cellular components in lysosomes. Degradation of ribosomes is called ribophagy and is an important source of nutrients. Using a recently reported method to isolate lysosomes, Wyant <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> profiled the dynamics of the lysosomal proteome under different nutrient conditions (see the Perspective by Nofal and Rabinowitz). The protein NUFIP1 is an autophagy receptor for ribosomes during starvation-induced ribophagy. NUFIP1 shuttles out of the nucleus and targets its ribosome cargo directly by binding to an autophagosome protein. Loss of NUFIP1 means failure to provide sufficient nucleotides during starvation and, therefore, loss of cells under low nutrient conditions. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="751" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar2663">751</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="710" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat7121">710</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Touring the kidney, cell by cell</jats:title> <jats:p> Our kidneys play a critical role in keeping us healthy, a fact of which we are reminded several times each day. This organ's cellular complexity has hindered progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying chronic kidney disease, which affects 10% of the world's population. Using single-cell transcriptional profiling, Park <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> produced a comprehensive cell atlas of the healthy mouse kidney (see the Perspective by Humphreys). An unexpected cell type in the collecting duct appears to be a transitional state between two known cell types. The transition from one cell type to the other is regulated by the Notch signaling pathway and is associated with metabolic acidosis. The authors also find that genetically distinct kidney diseases with common clinical features share common cellular origins. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="758" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar2131">758</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="709" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat7271">709</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Better performance under stress</jats:title> <jats:p> Engineering stress or strain into materials can improve their performance. Adding mechanical stress to silicon chips, for instance, produces transistors with enhanced electron mobility. Ghadimi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> explore the possibility of enhancing the vibrational properties of a micromechanical oscillator by engineering stress within the structure (see the Perspective by Eichler). By careful design of the micromechanical oscillator, and by building in associated stresses, exceptional vibrational properties can be produced. Such enhanced oscillators could be used as exquisite force sensors. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="764" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar6939">764</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="706" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat1983">706</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Finding order in twos</jats:title> <jats:p> In nematic liquid crystals, the local orientation of the molecules hovers around an average direction. The orientational control bestows unusual optical properties. In theory, with the right sort of two-dimensional shape, it should be possible to create nematics with biaxial ordering, but this has proven elusive. Mundoor <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> dispersed colloidal rods into a nematic solvent (see the Perspective by Poulin). Within a range of temperature and concentration, the rods ordered orthogonally to the solvent molecules, thus giving the mixture the type of properties that one would expect from a biaxial liquid crystal. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="768" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aap9359">768</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="712" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat7399">712</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Plastic in the dark</jats:title> <jats:p> Inorganic semiconductors, such as silicon and gallium arsenide, are brittle materials. This property means that large single crystals are cleaved into thin sheets. Oshima <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that zinc sulfide is, in contrast, a plastic material if deformed in total darkness. Plastic deformation is likely inhibited when light is present because photoexcited charge carriers become trapped at these sites and pin them through electrostatic effects. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="772" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar6035">772</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Taking the temperature of hot electrons</jats:title> <jats:p> As electronic chips become smaller, efficient heat dissipation becomes a greater challenge. Electrons in such devices quickly accelerate over small distances, becoming “hot”—that is, out of equilibrium with the rest of the system. Weng <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> designed a thermometry probe that measures the effective temperature of hot electrons with a spatial resolution of about 50 nanometers. The method is based on the optical measurement of current noise and provides a glimpse into where heat is naturally dissipated in a working device. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="775" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aam9991">775</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>SnSe doped a different way</jats:title> <jats:p> Heat can be converted into electricity by thermoelectric materials. Such materials are promising for use in solid-state cooling devices. A challenge for developing efficient thermoelectric materials is to ensure high electrical but low thermal conductivity. Chang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that bromine doping of tin selenide (SnSe) does just this by maintaining low thermal conductivity in the out-of-plane direction of this layered material. The result is a promising n-type thermoelectric material with electrons as the charge carriers—an important step for developing thermoelectric devices from SnSe. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="778" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaq1479">778</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A very basic pathway from CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>to ethylene</jats:title><jats:p>Ethylene is an important commodity chemical for plastics. It is considered a tractable target for synthesizing renewably from carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>). The challenge is that the performance of the copper electrocatalysts used for this conversion under the required basic reaction conditions suffers from the competing reaction of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>with the base to form bicarbonate. Dinh<jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic>designed an electrode that tolerates the base by optimizing CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>diffusion to the catalytic sites (see the Perspective by Ager and Lapkin). This catalyst design delivers 70% efficiency for 150 hours.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Science</jats:italic>, this issue p.<jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="783" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aas9100">783</jats:related-article>; see also p.<jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="707" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat7918">707</jats:related-article></jats:p>

<jats:title>Protected yet pressured</jats:title> <jats:p> Protected areas are increasingly recognized as an essential way to safeguard biodiversity. Although the percentage of land included in the global protected area network has increased from 9 to 15%, Jones <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that a third of this area is influenced by intensive human activity. Thus, even landscapes that are protected are experiencing some human pressure, with only the most remote northern regions remaining almost untouched. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="788" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aap9565">788</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>One and a half degrees on biodiversity</jats:title> <jats:p> Insects are the most diverse group of animals on Earth and are ubiquitous in terrestrial food webs. We have little information about their fate in a changing climate; data are scant for insects compared with other groups of organisms. Warren <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> performed a global-scale analysis of the effects of climate change on insect distribution (see the Perspective by Midgley). For vertebrates and plants, the number of species losing more than half their geographic range by 2100 is halved when warming is limited to 1.5°C, compared with projected losses at 2°C. But for insects, the number is reduced by two-thirds. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="791" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar3646">791</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6390" page="714" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="360" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat6671">714</jats:related-article> </jats:p>