Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Drivers of the “Great Dying”</jats:title> <jats:p> Though our current extinction crisis is substantial, it pales in comparison to the largest extinction in Earth's history, which occurred at the end of the Permian Period. Referred to as the “Great Dying,” this event saw the loss of up to 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial species. Penn <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> explored the extinction dynamics of the time using Earth system models in conjunction with physiological data across animal taxa (see the Perspective by Kump). They conclude that increased marine temperatures and reduced oxygen availability were responsible for a majority of the recorded extinctions. Because similar environmental alterations are predicted outcomes of current climate change, we would be wise to take note. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat1327">eaat1327</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6419" page="1113" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="362" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav736">1113</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Animals count</jats:title> <jats:p> Flux across the carbon cycle is generally characterized by contributions from plants, microbes, and abiotic systems. Animals, however, move vast amounts of carbon, both through ecosystem webs and across the landscape. Schmitz <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> review the different contributions that animal populations make to carbon cycling and discuss approaches that allow for better monitoring of these contributions. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aar3213">eaar3213</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A path to tackle liver-stage parasites</jats:title> <jats:p> Malaria parasites are evolutionarily prepared to resist drug attack. Resistance is emerging to even the latest frontline combination therapies, which target the blood stages of the <jats:italic>Plasmodium</jats:italic> parasite. As an alternative strategy, Antonova-Koch <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> investigated the possibilities of drugs against liver-stage parasites (see the Perspective by Phillips and Goldberg). To do so, they devised a luciferase-reporter drug screen for the rodent parasite <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei.</jats:italic> Three rounds of increasingly stringent screening were used. From this regime, several chemotypes that inhibit <jats:italic>Plasmodium</jats:italic> mitochondrial electron transport were identified. Excitingly, several new scaffolds, with as-yet-unknown modes of action but solely targeting the parasites' liver stages, emerged as promising drug leads for further development. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat9446">eaat9446</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6419" page="1112" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="362" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav7479">1112</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Complex processes in the settling of the Americas</jats:title> <jats:p> The expansion into the Americas by the ancestors of present day Native Americans has been difficult to tease apart from analyses of present day populations. To understand how humans diverged and spread across North and South America, Moreno-Mayar <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> sequenced 15 ancient human genomes from Alaska to Patagonia. Analysis of the oldest genomes suggests that there was an early split within Beringian populations, giving rise to the Northern and Southern lineages. Because population history cannot be explained by simple models or patterns of dispersal, it seems that people moved out of Beringia and across the continents in a complex manner. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav2621">eaav2621</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>The recent world chess championship saw Magnus Carlsen defend his title against Fabiano Caruana. But it was not a contest between the two strongest chess players on the planet, only the strongest humans. Soon after I lost my rematch against IBM's Deep Blue in 1997, the short window of human-machine chess competition slammed shut forever. Unlike humans, machines keep getting faster, and today a smartphone chess app can be stronger than Deep Blue. But as we see with the AlphaZero system (see pages 1118 and 1140), machine dominance has not ended the historical role of chess as a laboratory of cognition.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Claimed creation of CRISPR-edited babies triggers calls for international oversight.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Scientists and ethicists call for strengthened oversight in wake of He Jankui's announcement.</jats:p>