Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Mobile detection of Lassa virus</jats:title> <jats:p> Lassa fever is a hemorrhagic viral disease endemic to West Africa. Usually, each year sees only a smattering of cases reported, but hospitalized patients risk a 15% chance of death. Responding to fears that a 10-fold surge in cases in Nigeria in 2018 signaled an incipient outbreak, Kafetzopoulou <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> performed metagenomic nanopore sequencing directly from samples from 120 patients (see the Perspective by Bhadelia). Results showed no strong evidence of a new strain emerging nor of person-to-person transmission; rather, rodent contamination was the main source. To prevent future escalation of this disease, we need to understand what triggers the irruption of rodents into human dwellings. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="74" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau9343">74</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="30" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav8958">30</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A proto-mammalian giant</jats:title> <jats:p>Early terrestrial amniotes evolved into two groups: the sauropsids, which led to the bird and dinosaur lineages, and the synapsids, which led to mammals. Synapsids were diverse during the Permian but were greatly reduced after the end-Permian extinction (about 252 million years ago). The few groups that survived into the Triassic were mostly small and retained a sprawling gait. Sulej and Niedźwiedzki, however, describe a dicynodont from the Late Triassic of Poland that is as large as some coexisting dinosaurs and appears to have had an erect gait—like modern mammals. Thus, megaherbivores in the Triassic were not only dinosaurs.</jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="78" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aal4853">78</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>DNA breakage and adaptation</jats:title> <jats:p> Adaptation to new environments often occurs in similar ways across different colonization events. Stickleback fish represent a classic example of this, in which repeated colonizations of freshwater have resulted in the loss of pelvic hind fins. Previous work has shown that a pelvic enhancer gene is involved. Xie <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> now show that this gene lies within a region of the genome that is prone to double-stranded DNA breakage owing to a high thymine-guanine content. This enhanced region of breakage could lead to enhanced mutation rates that facilitate repeated adaptations to new environments. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="81" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aan1425">81</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Posttranslational translocon architecture</jats:title> <jats:p>About a third of proteins are transported into endoplasmic reticulum by the universally conserved Sec61 protein-conducting channel. Itskanov and Park determined a cryo–electron microscopy structure of the Sec complex from yeast, which mediates posttranslational translocation of many secretory proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The study reveals how Sec63 activates the Sec61 channel for substrate polypeptide insertion. The structure also explains the mutually exclusive binding of Sec63 and the ribosome to the channel.</jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="84" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav6740">84</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Additional, diverse CRISPR systems</jats:title> <jats:p> CRISPR systems have been revolutionizing molecular biology. Mining the metagenomic database, Yan <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> systematically discovered additional subtypes of type V CRISPR-Cas systems. The additional Cas12 effectors displayed a range of activities, including target and collateral cleavage of single-stranded RNA and DNA, as well as double-stranded DNA nicking and cleavage. These diverse nuclease activities suggest how an ancient transposase may have evolved into various type V effectors and expand the nucleic acid detection and genome-editing toolbox. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6422" page="88" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="363" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav7271">88</jats:related-article> </jats:p>