Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Nanomaterials in the Earth system</jats:title> <jats:p> Nanomaterials have been part of the Earth system for billions of years, but human activities are changing the nature and amounts of these materials. Hochella Jr. <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> review sources and impacts of natural nanomaterials, which are not created directly through human actions; incidental nanomaterials, which form unintentionally during human activities; and engineered nanomaterials, which are created for specific applications. Knowledge of the properties of all three types as they cycle through the Earth system is essential for understanding and mitigating their long-term impacts on the environment and human health. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau8299">eaau8299</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>How to make an organelle in eukaryotes</jats:title> <jats:p> A key step in the evolution of complex organisms like eukaryotes was the organization of specific tasks into organelles. Reinkemeier <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> designed an artificial, membraneless organelle into mammalian cells to perform orthogonal translation. In response to a specific codon in a selected messenger RNA, ribosomes confined to this organelle were able to introduce chemical functionalities site-specifically, expanding the canonical set of amino acids. This approach opens possibilities in synthetic cell engineering and biomedical research. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw2644">eaaw2644</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>Many parts of the world are in the middle of an opioid addiction crisis. It is an equal opportunity destroyer, affecting rich and poor, urban and rural people alike. The current epidemic differs from the long-standing heroin addiction problem in its broader demographic and in that it has resulted from inappropriate marketing and overprescription of pain medicines and the intrusion of powerful and lethal synthetic opioids. The magnitude of the crisis is also unprecedented: In the United States alone, more than 2 million people are estimated to have “opioid use disorder,” and 47,000 people died of an opioid overdose in 2017. Traditional strategies for dealing with addiction have had limited success. They have primarily used parallel tactics of “supply control” (limiting availability) and “demand control” (trying to prevent or reduce use), which might be considered as criminal justice and public health approaches. But this side-by-side approach may be counterproductive. Last week, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine released a report* on the state of medication-based treatments for opioid addiction. What is clear is that in addition to the need for more research, the nature of the epidemic requires new approaches that integrate public health, regulatory, and criminal justice strategies.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Curators confront colonial-era exploitation in the acquisition of dinosaurs, other specimens.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Scientists suspect track surface at Santa Anita may be to blame, but tests have come up empty so far.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Other private missions spawned by Lunar XPrize competition are not far behind.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Efforts to reform U.S. detention policies highlight a shortage of robust studies.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Indiana law upheld by federal court faces new appeal.</jats:p>

<jats:p>In some patients, checkpoint inhibitors seem to fuel tumor "hyperprogression."</jats:p>