Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p> Sivan <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . claim that the methods used to distinguish thermal from hot carrier effects in our recent report are inaccurate and that our data can be explained by a purely thermal mechanism with a fixed activation energy. This conclusion is invalid, because they substantially misinterpret the emissivity of the photocatalyst and assume a linear intensity–dependent temperature in their model that is unrealistic. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Predicting behavior of visual neurons</jats:title> <jats:p> To what extent are predictive deep learning models of neural responses useful for generating experimental hypotheses? Bashivan <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> took an artificial neural network built to model the behavior of the target visual system and used it to construct images predicted to either broadly activate large populations of neurons or selectively activate one population while keeping the others unchanged. They then analyzed the effectiveness of these images in producing the desired effects in the macaque visual cortex. The manipulations showed very strong effects and achieved considerable and highly selective influence over the neuronal populations. Using novel and non-naturalistic images, the neural network was shown to reproduce the overall behavior of the animals' neural responses. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav9436">eaav9436</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Compartmentalization of axons</jats:title> <jats:p> Neurons can spread branches far and wide across the central nervous system. One neuron can simultaneously contact several other neurons, amplifying network complexity. Studying the <jats:italic>Drosophila</jats:italic> brain, Urwyler <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that not all axon branches are the same, even within one neuron (see the Perspective by Falkner and Scheiffele). A membrane-anchored phosphatase functions within a subset of axon branches to regulate synapse formation. Thus, the pattern of synapses on one neuron is not random but rather is spatially restricted according to subcompartments in the axon. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau9952">eaau9952</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6439" page="437" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax3221">437</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Seeking and destroying cancer cells</jats:title> <jats:p> Rather than inhibiting aberrant signaling in cancer cells, what if that signal was put to work in detecting and destroying the cancer cells? Such an anticancer strategy could be based on the ErbB family of receptors that is activated in many cancers. Chung <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> developed a cell-killing circuit that is activated by excessive ErbB signaling and used a viral delivery system to add it to cells. The ErbB receptor proteins are tyrosine kinases that autophosphorylate. The authors designed a protease that would be recruited to such over-phosphorylated receptors. Once in place, the protease cleaves a protein anchored to the cell membrane, releasing it into the cytoplasm where it causes death of the transformed cells. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat6982">eaat6982</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Noncoding variation and gene expression</jats:title> <jats:p> Natural genetic variation outside of protein coding regions affects multiple molecular phenotypes that can differ across individuals. To examine how genomic variation affects proximal (cis) or distal (trans) gene regulation, Delaneau <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> analyzed gene expression, chromatin, and the three-dimensional conformation of the genome. Clustering regulatory elements and activity across individuals reveals genomic structures termed cis-regulatory domains and trans-regulatory hubs that affect gene expression. Associations between these structures and genes within and across chromosomes contribute to links between noncoding genetic variation and gene expression. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat8266">eaat8266</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p> Zhou <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . (Reports, 5 October 2018, p. 69) claim to have proven dominance of “hot” electrons over thermal effects in plasmonic photocatalysis. We identify experimental flaws that caused overestimation of the hot carrier contribution. As an alternative interpretation, we fully reproduce their data using a purely thermal Arrhenius law with a fixed activation energy and intensity-dependent heating. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Spotlight on copper</jats:title> <jats:p> Photoredox catalysis relies on visible-light excitation to accelerate a burgeoning number of chemical reactions. Initially, the technique relied primarily on complexes of precious metals, such as ruthenium or iridium, to absorb the light. Hossain <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> review recent progress in the use of copper complexes as an alternative. In addition to its Earth abundance, copper opens up a variety of distinct mechanisms involving electron transfer within the coordination sphere. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav9713">eaav9713</jats:related-article> </jats:p>