Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Mapping vertebrate incompatibility alleles</jats:title> <jats:p> Deleterious gene interactions may underlie the observed hybrid incompatibilities. However, few genes underlying hybrid incompatibilities have been identified, and most of these involve species that do not hybridize in natural conditions. Powell <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used genome sequencing to map genes likely responsible for incompatibilities that reduce fitness in naturally occurring hybrid swordtail fish. These gene combinations result in malignant melanoma, which is found in naturally hybridizing populations but is not present in the parental populations (see the Perspective by Dagilis and Matute). Using genome and population resequencing, the authors performed a genome-wide association study to identify potentially causative mutations. Using an admixture mapping approach that assessed introgression between multiple swordtail fish species, the authors suggest that lineages carry different genes that interact with the same candidate gene, resulting in the observed melanomas and providing insight into convergent hybrid incompatibles that arise between species. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="731" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba5216">731</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="710" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb8066">710</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Speeding up borylation</jats:title> <jats:p> Catalytic borylation is the rare reaction that can selectively target stronger over weaker saturated carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds. However, the trade-off has been that the reaction is slow and requires high excess of the hydrocarbon. Oeschger <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> now report that the right ligand (2-methylphenanthroline) coordinated to iridium can accelerate the reaction by 50- to 80-fold. This rate enhancement enables selective borylation of primary C–H bonds with the hydrocarbon as limiting reagent. The reaction is also unusually selective for β-C–H bonds in saturated heterocycles. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="736" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba6146">736</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Containment works</jats:title> <jats:p>National governments have taken different approaches in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, ranging from draconian quarantines to laissez-faire mitigation strategies. In data from China collected in February 2020, Maier and Brockmann noticed that, unexpectedly, the epidemic did not take off exponentially. Nonexponential spread occurs when the supply of susceptible individuals is depleted on a time scale comparable to the infectious period of the virus. The results of the authors' modeling approach indicate that the public response to the epidemic plus containment policies were becoming effective despite the initial increase in confirmed cases.</jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="742" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb4557">742</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title> <jats:italic>Plasmodium</jats:italic> 's inner clock </jats:title> <jats:p> Malarial fevers are notably regular, occurring when parasitized red blood cells rupture synchronously to release replicated parasites. It has long been speculated that the <jats:italic>Plasmodium</jats:italic> parasites that cause malaria must therefore have intrinsic circadian clocks to be able to synchronize like this. Two groups have now probed gene expression in experiments and models using data obtained during the developmental cycles of <jats:italic>P. falciparum</jats:italic> in vitro and in the mouse model of <jats:italic>P. chabaudi</jats:italic> malaria. Smith <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> discovered that four strains of <jats:italic>P. falciparum</jats:italic> have circadian and cell cycle oscillators, each with distinctive periodicities that can be experimentally manipulated. Rijo-Ferreira <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that gene expression in <jats:italic>P. chabaudi</jats:italic> was strikingly rhythmic, persisted during constant darkness and in infections of arrhythmic mice, and synchronized by entraining to the host's periodicity. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="754" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba4357">754</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="746" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba2658">746</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title> <jats:italic>Plasmodium</jats:italic> 's inner clock </jats:title> <jats:p> Malarial fevers are notably regular, occurring when parasitized red blood cells rupture synchronously to release replicated parasites. It has long been speculated that the <jats:italic>Plasmodium</jats:italic> parasites that cause malaria must therefore have intrinsic circadian clocks to be able to synchronize like this. Two groups have now probed gene expression in experiments and models using data obtained during the developmental cycles of <jats:italic>P. falciparum</jats:italic> in vitro and in the mouse model of <jats:italic>P. chabaudi</jats:italic> malaria. Smith <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> discovered that four strains of <jats:italic>P. falciparum</jats:italic> have circadian and cell cycle oscillators, each with distinctive periodicities that can be experimentally manipulated. Rijo-Ferreira <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that gene expression in <jats:italic>P. chabaudi</jats:italic> was strikingly rhythmic, persisted during constant darkness and in infections of arrhythmic mice, and synchronized by entraining to the host's periodicity. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="754" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba4357">754</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="746" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba2658">746</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Optical vortices on demand</jats:title> <jats:p> Light has several degrees of freedom (wavelength, polarization, pulse length, and so on) that can be used to encode information. A light beam or pulse can also be structured to have the property of orbital angular momentum, becoming a vortex. Because the winding number of the vortex can be arbitrary, the channel capacity can be expanded considerably. Zhang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> and Ji <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> developed nanophotonic-based methods for generating and electrically detecting light with arbitrary orbital angular momentum, a goal that has remained an outstanding challenge so far (see the Perspective by Ge). The nanophotonic platform provides a route for developing high-capacity optical chips. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="760" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba8996">760</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="763" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba9192">763</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="707" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb8091">707</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Optical vortices on demand</jats:title> <jats:p> Light has several degrees of freedom (wavelength, polarization, pulse length, and so on) that can be used to encode information. A light beam or pulse can also be structured to have the property of orbital angular momentum, becoming a vortex. Because the winding number of the vortex can be arbitrary, the channel capacity can be expanded considerably. Zhang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> and Ji <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> developed nanophotonic-based methods for generating and electrically detecting light with arbitrary orbital angular momentum, a goal that has remained an outstanding challenge so far (see the Perspective by Ge). The nanophotonic platform provides a route for developing high-capacity optical chips. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="760" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba8996">760</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="763" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba9192">763</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="707" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb8091">707</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Intriguing interference mechanism</jats:title> <jats:p> Quantum interference (QI) effects play a fundamental role in the dynamics of chemical reactions. Xie <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> detected unusual QI oscillations in the differential cross section measured in the recoil scattering direction of the prototypical elementary reaction H + HD → H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> + D (see the Perspective by Aoiz). Topological analysis showed that this pattern originates from the QI between a direct abstraction and previously unknown rebounding insertion pathways, which are affected by the geometric phase at energies far below the conical intersection. The QI observed between these two distinctive pathways in the three-atom system is a clear example of the quantum nature of chemical reactivity. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="767" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb1564">767</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="706" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb9148">706</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Local factors restrain forest warming</jats:title> <jats:p> Microclimates are key to understanding how organisms and ecosystems respond to macroclimate change, yet they are frequently neglected when studying biotic responses to global change. Zellweger <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> provide a long-term, continental-scale assessment of the effects of micro- and macroclimate on the community composition of European forests (see the Perspective by Lembrechts and Nijs). They show that changes in forest canopy cover are fundamentally important for driving community responses to climate change. Closed canopies buffer against the effects of macroclimatic change through their cooling effect, slowing shifts in community composition, whereas open canopies tend to accelerate community change through local heating effects. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="772" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba6880">772</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="711" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc1245">711</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Rumblings of a dormant volcano</jats:title> <jats:p> Earthquakes near volcanoes are often a warning sign of a future eruption. However, deep long-period earthquakes (DLPs) are a special type of seismicity tied most often to quiescent volcanoes. Wech <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found more than a million of these DLPs under the inactive Mauna Kea volcano in Hawai'i over the past 19 years (see the Perspective by Matoza). Analysis of this large number of observations allowed the authors to conclude that the DLPs were connected to a deep, cooling magma body. Deep gas releases triggered by minerals crystallizing in the deep magma through the “second boiling” process may open cracks, triggering the DLPs. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="775" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba4798">775</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6492" page="708" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="368" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc2452">708</jats:related-article> </jats:p>