Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Inosine modulates antitumor immunity</jats:title> <jats:p> Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy harnesses the immune system to kill cancer cells and has been used with great success to treat certain tumors, but not all cancer patients respond. The efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has been shown to depend on the presence of distinct, beneficial bacteria residing in the gut of patients, but how the microbiome mediates such beneficial effects is unclear. Mager <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that specific bacteria produce a metabolite called inosine that enhances the effect of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (see the Perspective by Shaikh and Sears). In mouse models, inosine, together with proinflammatory stimuli and immunotherapy, strongly enhanced the antitumor capacities of T cells in multiple tumor types, including colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, and melanoma. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1481" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc3421">1481</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1427" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abe0709">1427</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Supercooled water structures</jats:title> <jats:p> Water displays a number of anomalous properties that are further enhanced in its supercooled state, but experimental studies at ambient pressure must obtain data before the onset of rapid crystallization at temperatures below ∼240 kelvin. Kringle <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> obtained infrared spectra of supercooled water films at temperatures between 135 and 235 kelvin that formed for a few nanoseconds by ultrafast heating and cooling. Supercooled water thermally equilibrates before crystallization above 170 kelvin, and over the range of temperatures studied, the structure of water was shown to be a linear combination of a high-density and a low-density liquid. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1490" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb7542">1490</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Dressed for coherence</jats:title> <jats:p> Solid-state qubits based on the electron spin of defects in silicon carbide or diamond provide a robust and versatile architecture for developing quantum technologies. The longer the lifetime of a spin, the more manipulations and quantum calculations can be performed, making for a more powerful quantum computational platform. Miao <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show that by dressing the spins associated with the divacancy in silicon carbide with microwave photons, the lifetime can be extended by several orders of magnitude into milliseconds (see the Perspective by Hemmer). The technique effectively creates a quiet space for the qubit, thereby protecting it from magnetic, electric, and temperature fluctuations. This approach could be applicable to other architectures and provide a universal route to protecting qubits. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1493" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc5186">1493</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1432" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abe1521">1432</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Complex stellar winds from evolved stars</jats:title> <jats:p> Stars less than eight times the mass of the Sun end their lives as planetary nebulae, structures of ionized gas thrown off by the star and heated by the exposed stellar core. Planetary nebulae are often bipolar in shape or contain complex morphological features such as rings or spirals. Decin <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> observed the stellar winds of 14 stars during their asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of stellar evolution, which immediately precedes the planetary nebula phase. They found morphologies in the AGB winds similar to planetary nebulae and demonstrated that they are produced by the influence of a binary companion on the AGB wind. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1497" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb1229">1497</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Stabilizing the prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike</jats:title> <jats:p> The development of therapeutic antibodies and vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is focused on the spike (S) protein that decorates the viral surface. A version of the spike ectodomain that includes two proline substitutions (S-2P) and stabilizes the prefusion conformation has been used to determine high-resolution structures. However, even S-2P is unstable and difficult to produce in mammalian cells. Hsieh <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> characterized many individual and combined structure-guided substitutions and identified a variant, named HexaPro, that retains the prefusion conformation but shows higher expression than S-2P and can also withstand heating and freezing. This version of the protein is likely to be useful in the development of vaccines and diagnostics. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1501" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abd0826">1501</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A steric block to SARS-CoV-2</jats:title> <jats:p> In response to infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the immune system makes antibodies, many of which target the spike protein, a key player in host cell entry. Antibodies that potently neutralize the virus hold promise as therapeutics and could inform vaccine design. Lv <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report a humanized monoclonal antibody that protected against SARS-CoV-2 in a mouse model. The cryo–electron microscopy structure, together with biochemical, cellular, and virological studies, showed that the antibody acts by binding to the receptor-binding domain of the spike and blocking its attachment to the host receptor. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1505" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc5881">1505</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Hearing the heat</jats:title> <jats:p> Most of the excess heat that causes global warming is absorbed by the oceans. Quantifying that heat increase is challenging because it requires many different temperature measurements over both the vertical and horizontal extent of the oceans. Wu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report success in this effort through the use of a different method: They inferred temperature changes from sound waves generated by repeating earthquakes (see the Perspective by Wunsch). The travel time of these earthquakes from source to receiver reflects changes in the average water temperature that they encounter. This technique should substantially enhance our ability to monitor ocean warming. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1510" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb9519">1510</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1433" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abe0960">1433</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A mess of plastic</jats:title> <jats:p> It is not clear what strategies will be most effective in mitigating harm from the global problem of plastic pollution. Borrelle <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> and Lau <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> discuss possible solutions and their impacts. Both groups found that substantial reductions in plastic-waste generation can be made in the coming decades with immediate, concerted, and vigorous action, but even in the best case scenario, huge quantities of plastic will still accumulate in the environment. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1515" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba3656">1515</jats:related-article> , p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1455" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aba9475">1455</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Microbiota protect the kidneys</jats:title> <jats:p> Chronic kidney disease (CKD) afflicts millions of people globally. The first-line treatment for CKD is dietary intervention, so there may be a gut microbiota–associated component. Lobel <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> investigated the mechanistic links between the microbiota and protein intake, because the protein metabolites indole and indoxyl sulfate are known uremic toxins (see the Perspective by Pluznick). The authors used a mouse model of CKD precipitated by a paucity of the dietary sulfur–containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. Bacterial metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids modulated indole production by sulfide inhibition of the enzyme tryptophanase, thus abrogating uremic toxicity by this metabolite in this model system. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1518" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb3763">1518</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6510" page="1426" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abd8344">1426</jats:related-article> </jats:p>