Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>A decline in the carbon fertilization effect</jats:title> <jats:p> One source of uncertainty in climate science is how the carbon fertilization effect (CFE) will contribute to mitigation of anthropogenic climate change. Wang <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> explored the temporal dynamics of CFE on vegetation photosynthesis at the global scale. There has been a decline over recent decades in the contribution of CFE to vegetation photosynthesis, perhaps owing to the limiting effects of plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. This declining trend has not been adequately accounted for in carbon cycle models. CFE thus has limitations for long-term mitigation of climate change, and future warming might currently be underestimated. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6522" page="1295" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb7772">1295</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Efficiency from hole-selective contacts</jats:title> <jats:p> Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells must stabilize a perovskite material with a wide bandgap and also maintain efficient charge carrier transport. Al-Ashouri <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> stabilized a perovskite with a 1.68–electron volt bandgap with a self-assembled monolayer that acted as an efficient hole-selective contact that minimizes nonradiative carrier recombination. In air without encapsulation, a tandem silicon cell retained 95% of its initial power conversion efficiency of 29% after 300 hours of operation. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6522" page="1300" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abd4016">1300</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Molecular qubits that respond to light</jats:title> <jats:p> Spins in solid-state systems such as quantum dots and defect centers in diamond can easily be controlled by light for use in quantum information processing. More challenging is tuning their properties and making large arrays, something that can be done more easily with spins in molecules. Bayliss <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> combined the advantages of the two approaches by designing and characterizing three related molecular species that are optically addressable. The molecules consist of a central chromium ion surrounded by organic ligands, and their spin and optical properties can be tailored by simply changing the positions of methyl groups on the ligands. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6522" page="1309" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abb9352">1309</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Cracking the problem of cracking cathodes</jats:title> <jats:p> Polycrystalline cathode materials that contain a combination of nickel, manganese, and cobalt have been used for advanced lithium batteries. These materials fracture at high voltage, which increases surface area and leads to more side reactions and shorter cycle life. Using single-crystalline samples as model materials, Bi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> observed changes in nickel-rich cathodes to study the fracture behavior under well-characterized conditions. As the material is charged and lithium is removed, specific planes glide over one another and microcracks are observed. However, this process is reversed on discharge, removing all traces of the microcracking. The authors developed a diffusion-induced stress model to understand the origin of the planar gliding and propose ways to stabilize these nickel-rich cathodes in working batteries. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6522" page="1313" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc3167">1313</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Rheology of aging protein condensates</jats:title> <jats:p> Protein condensates that form by undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation will show changes in their rheological properties with time, a process known as aging. Jawerth <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used laser tweezer–based active and microbead-based passive rheology to characterize the time-dependent material properties of protein condensates (see the Perspective by Zhang). They found that condensate aging is not gelation of the condensates, but rather a changing viscoelastic Maxwell liquid with a viscosity that strongly increases with age, whereas the elastic modulus stays the same. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6522" page="1317" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw4951">1317</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6522" page="1271" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abe9745">1271</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Electric field shielding of ultracold molecules</jats:title> <jats:p> Because reactive collisions limit the lifetime of ultracold molecular ensembles, controlling chemical reactivity at ultralow temperatures has been a long-standing goal. Using large electric fields that trigger resonant dipolar interactions between potassium-rubidium molecules trapped in a quasi–two-dimensional geometry, Matsuda <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report suppression of the reactive loss rate in the vicinity of the dipolar-mediated resonances by up to an order of magnitude below the background value. The proposed shielding mechanism is general and is expected to be effective in three-dimensional geometry. It could also be used for creating long-lived quantum molecular gases of other polar molecules under strong electric fields. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6522" page="1324" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="370" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abe7370">1324</jats:related-article> </jats:p>