Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p> The phenotypic measures used by Ganna <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . (Research Articles, 30 August 2019, p. 882) lump together predominantly heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual individuals, including those who have experimented with a same-sex partner only once. This may have resulted in misleading associations to personality traits unrelated to understood categories of human sexuality. Scientific studies of human sexuality should use validated and reliable measures of sexual behaviors, attractions, and identities that capture the full spectrum of complexity. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Age-specific contact</jats:title> <jats:p> How can the resurgent epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during 2020 be explained? Are they a result of students going back to school? To address this question, Monod <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> created a contact matrix for infection based on data collected in Europe and China and extended it to the United States. Early in the pandemic, before interventions were widely implemented, contacts concentrated among individuals of similar age were the highest among school-aged children, between children and their parents, and between middle-aged adults and the elderly. However, with the advent of nonpharmaceutical interventions, these contact patterns changed substantially. By mid-August 2020, although schools reopening facilitated transmission, the resurgence in the United States was largely driven by adults 20 to 49 years of age. Thus, working adults who need to support themselves and their families have fueled the resurging epidemics in the United States. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abe8372">eabe8372</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Choosy females drive isolation</jats:title> <jats:p> Rapid radiations of recently diverged species represent an excellent opportunity for exploring drivers of speciation. The capuchino seedeaters, a group of South American birds, include a number of species that, in the field, are often discernable only through male plumage and song. Turbek <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> used genomes and behavioral experiments to identify potential isolating factors in two members of this group and found that, though entirely sympatric, females mated only with conspecific males and that only a few genes differed between the species (see the Perspective by Jarvis). Thus, a small reshuffling of genes and reinforcement through mate choice has driven divergence in these overlapping and very similar species. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.abc0256">eabc0256</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article issue="6536" page="1312" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="371">1312</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>A lethal combination</jats:title> <jats:p> Although many human activities have clear negative effects on the natural world, there are also unforeseen consequences. Bald eagle mass death events in the southeastern United States may be one such downstream effect of human activity. After considerable effort, Breinlinger <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> identified the cause of these events as an insidious combination of factors. Colonization of waterways by an invasive, introduced plant provided a substrate for the growth of a previously unidentified cyanobacterium. Exposure of this cyanobacterium to bromide, typically anthropogenic in origin, resulted in the production of a neurotoxin that both causes neuropathy in animals that prey on the plants and also bioaccumulates to kill predators such as bald eagles. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax9050">eaax9050</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>WAVE-ing T cell activation off</jats:title> <jats:p> The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) is a pentameric complex that regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The precise role for the WRC in immunity has not been established, although recent work has implicated WRC components such as HEM1 in certain human immunodeficiencies. Liu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> characterized mice with a conditional knockout of the WRC constituent WAVE2 (see the Perspective by Hambleton). These mice exhibited progressive severe autoimmune and inflammatory disease associated with the activation and accelerated differentiation of T cells. WAVE2's suppression of T cell activation was not mediated by the T cell receptor but rather by its inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) binding to RAPTOR and RICTOR. Accordingly, the autoimmune phenotype of these mice could be ameliorated by pharmacological inhibitors of mTOR signaling. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" related-article-type="in-this-issue" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaz4544">eaaz4544</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article issue="6536" page="1309" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="371">1309</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>Last week, the European Medicines Agency declared the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine safe and effective, after several European Union member states had suspended its use because of blood clot concerns. Will the public trust this message? This week's news could help—a U.S. phase 3 clinical trial of the vaccine shows promising efficacy in preventing symptomatic COVID-19. But sentiments toward vaccines are volatile and reflect external events—such as recent concern about AstraZeneca's efficacy data—as well as internal emotions.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A roundup of weekly science policy and related news</jats:p>

<jats:p>Rare clotting disorders interrupt vaccination in Europe as U.S. expert panel rebukes company over efficacy data</jats:p>

<jats:p>Mysterious rocks at mantle's base tied to violent “Theia” strike 4.5 billion years ago</jats:p>

<jats:p>Researchers are studying why a common herpesvirus suddenly took a serious toll</jats:p>