Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Dating the ipsilateral visual pathway</jats:title> <jats:p> In primates, visual connections are bilateral: Each eye sends neural connections to both sides of the brain. Vigouroux <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> looked at the evolutionary underpinnings of the bilateral visual system. A close look at the connections between the retina and the brain in a variety of fish species representing a span of evolutionary divergence revealed that contralateral connections seem to be universal. The ipsilateral connections, which add to the contralateral connections to form a bilateral visual system, arrived later in evolution but before the transition to land-dwelling animals. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6538" page="150" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">150</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Three strikes to knock cancer out</jats:title> <jats:p> <jats:italic>BRCA1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BRCA2</jats:italic> are tumor-suppressor genes, and patients with mutations in these genes are predisposed to breast, ovarian, and other cancers. Because <jats:italic>BRCA1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BRCA2</jats:italic> mutations affect pathways involved in DNA break repair, these patients' tumors are usually vulnerable to treatments that further damage DNA repair, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, but they can acquire resistance to therapy. Using a genome-wide screening approach, Fugger <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> identified a protein called DNPH1 as a “nucleotide sanitizer” that prevents the incorporation of abnormal nucleotides into DNA (see the Perspective by Kriaucionis). The authors examined its mechanism of action and demonstrated how it can be targeted to expedite the killing of <jats:italic>BRCA1</jats:italic> -mutant cancer cells in combination with PARP inhibitor treatment. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6538" page="156" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">156</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article issue="6538" page="127" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">127</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title> Brain evolution in early <jats:italic>Homo</jats:italic> </jats:title> <jats:p> Human brains are larger than and structurally different from the brains of the great apes. Ponce de León <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> explored the timing of the origins of the structurally modern human brain (see the Perspective by Beaudet). By comparing endocasts, representations of the inner surface of fossil brain cases, from early <jats:italic>Homo</jats:italic> from Africa, Georgia, and Southeast Asia, they show that these structural innovations emerged later than the first dispersal of the genus from Africa, and were probably in place by 1.7 to 1.5 million years ago. The modern humanlike brain organization emerged in cerebral regions thought to be related to toolmaking, social cognition, and language. Their findings suggest that brain reorganization was not a prerequisite for dispersals from Africa, and that there might have been more than one long-range dispersal of early <jats:italic>Homo</jats:italic> . </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6538" page="165" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">165</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article issue="6538" page="124" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">124</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Competing signal peptides hold the key</jats:title> <jats:p> When a pollen grain lands on a receptive flower's pistil, a complex dance leading to sexual reproduction begins. Liu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> show some of the early steps that help to distinguish a compatible pollen grain from a random piece of dust. Normally, a stigmatic gatekeeper, the ANJEA–FERONIA receptor kinase complex, perceives signaling peptides produced by the stigma that drive the production of reactive oxygen species at the stigma papillae. Upon pollination, POLLEN COAT PROTEIN B-class peptides compete with those stigmatic peptides for binding to the stigmatic receptor kinase complex. The subsequent decline of stigmatic reactive oxygen species production allows hydration and opens the gates to pollen germination. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6538" page="171" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">171</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Slipping boron into alkyl ethers</jats:title> <jats:p> The carbon–oxygen bonds that hold alkyl ethers together are relatively inert. Lyu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> report that zinc and nickel can team up to insert boron between the carbon and oxygen using an unusual mechanism. First, a dibromoborane pries open the bond with help from a zinc ion. Next, the nickel stitches together the carbon and boron, and the oxidation of metallic zinc starts the cycle over again. Versatile reactivity at the inserted boron center can then add carbons to the original ether or swap out oxygen for nitrogen. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6538" page="175" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">175</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Shaping silica like a polymer</jats:title> <jats:p> Glass is tremendously useful, but it is energy intensive to make because of the high melting temperature and processing methods that require melts. Mader <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> circumvented the need for melting glass using a plastic silica nanocomposite for injection molding (see the Perspective by Dylla-Spears). The low-temperature injection molding can produce parts in as little as 5 seconds with high spatial resolution. The strategy provides a different and potentially less energy-intensive method for mass producing parts made of glass. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6538" page="182" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">182</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article issue="6538" page="126" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">126</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>X-rays from giant radio pulses</jats:title> <jats:p> Pulsars are spinning, magnetized neutron stars that are observed as a regular sequence of radio pulses. Most pulses are of consistent intensity, but occasionally one is brighter by orders of magnitude. The cause of these unpredictable giant radio pulses (GRPs) is unknown. Enoto <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> observed the Crab Pulsar simultaneously with x-ray and radio telescopes. They found that x-ray emission during GRPs was slightly brighter than that during normal pulses. Comparing the radio and x-ray enhancements provides constraints on the GRP emission mechanism and the possible connections with other transient radio phenomena. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6538" page="187" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">187</jats:related-article> </jats:p>